Ninkovic Jovica, Götz Magdalena
Institute of Stem Cell Research, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Jun;17(3):338-44. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 May 1.
The mechanisms that determine why neurogenesis is restricted to few regions of the adult brain in mammals, in contrast to its more widespread nature in other vertebrates such as zebrafish, remain to be fully understood. The local environment must provide key signals that instruct stem cell and neurogenic fate, because non-neurogenic progenitors can be instructed towards neurogenesis in this environment. Here, we discuss the recent progress in understanding key factors in the local stem cell niche of the adult mammalian brain, including surprising sources of new signals such as endothelial cells, complement factors and microglia. Moreover, new insights have been gained into how neuronal diversity is instructed in adult neurogenesis, prompting a new view of stem and progenitor cell heterogeneity in the adult mammalian brain.
与在斑马鱼等其他脊椎动物中更为广泛的情况相比，哺乳动物成体大脑中神经发生仅限于少数区域的决定机制仍有待充分了解。局部环境必须提供指导干细胞和神经发生命运的关键信号，因为在此环境中，非神经源性祖细胞可以被诱导发生神经发生。在这里，我们讨论了在理解成年哺乳动物大脑局部干细胞生态位中的关键因素方面的最新进展，包括诸如内皮细胞、补体因子和小胶质细胞等新信号的惊人来源。此外，对于成年神经发生中神经元多样性是如何被指导的，人们也有了新的认识，这促使人们对成年哺乳动物大脑中干细胞和祖细胞的异质性有了新的看法。
