Dickson S, Smith F A, Smith S E
Soil and Land Systems (Waite Campus), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
Centre for Soil-Plant Interactions, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
Mycorrhiza. 2007 Jul;17(5):375-393. doi: 10.1007/s00572-007-0130-9. Epub 2007 May 3.
This review commemorates and examines the significance of the work of Isobel Gallaud more than 100 years ago that first established the existence of distinct structural classes (Arum-type and Paris-type) within arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses. We add new information from recent publications to the previous data last collated 10 years ago to consider whether any patterns have emerged on the basis of different fungal morphology within plant species or families. We discuss: (1) possible control exerted by the fungus over AM morphology; (2) apparent lack of plant phylogenetic relationships between the classes; (3) functions of the interfaces in different structural classes in relation to nutrient transfer in particular; and (4) the occurrence of plants with both of the major classes, and with intermediate AM structures, in different plant habitats. We also give suggestions for future research to help remove uncertainties about the functional and ecological significance of differences in AM morphology. Lastly, we urge retention of the terms Arum- and Paris-type, which are now well recognised by those who study AM symbioses.
本综述纪念并审视了100多年前伊泽贝尔·加洛德的工作意义，她首次证实了丛枝菌根（AM）共生中存在不同的结构类群（天南星型和重楼型）。我们将最近出版物中的新信息添加到上次于10年前整理的先前数据中，以考虑基于植物物种或科内不同真菌形态是否出现了任何模式。我们讨论了：（1）真菌对AM形态可能施加的控制；（2）这两类之间明显缺乏植物系统发育关系；（3）不同结构类群中界面的功能，特别是与养分转移相关的功能；（4）在不同植物生境中同时具有这两种主要类群以及具有中间AM结构的植物的出现情况。我们还为未来的研究提出了建议，以帮助消除关于AM形态差异的功能和生态意义的不确定性。最后，我们敦促保留天南星型和重楼型这两个术语，它们现在已被研究AM共生的人员广泛认可。
