Boivin Diane B, Tremblay Geneviève M, James Francine O
Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, F-1127 Montreal, Que., Canada H4H 1R3.
Sleep Med. 2007 Sep;8(6):578-89. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.015. Epub 2007 May 3.
Shift work has been associated with a number of health problems including cardiovascular disease, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, gastrointestinal discomfort, reproductive difficulties, and breast cancer. The specific contributions of disturbed physiological rhythms, circadian misalignment, and sleep debt to the various medical problems encountered by shift workers remain to be clarified. Fatigue can be caused by extended on-duty and/or waking periods, inadequate sleep quantity, sleep disturbances, disruption of circadian rhythms, and difficult work and familial conditions. Fatigue-related accidents raise a safety concern for shift workers, especially at the end of the night when the circadian nadir of alertness interacts with increased time awake. Individuals vary greatly in their capacity to adjust to atypical work schedules and their tolerance to circadian misalignment. Predisposing individual and domestic factors have been identified, such as increasing age, being a single woman in charge of children, and split sleep patterns, all of which can affect the ability to adjust to atypical schedules. However, prior studies indicate that predisposing individual and social determinants are generally poor predictors of shift work tolerance in a given individual. In this manuscript, we review several countermeasures to improve adaptation to shift work.
轮班工作与一系列健康问题相关，包括心血管疾病、糖脂代谢受损、胃肠道不适、生殖困难和乳腺癌。生理节律紊乱、昼夜节律失调和睡眠债对轮班工作者所遇到的各种医疗问题的具体影响仍有待阐明。疲劳可能由延长的值班时间和/或清醒时间、睡眠量不足、睡眠障碍、昼夜节律紊乱以及工作和家庭状况困难引起。与疲劳相关的事故对轮班工作者的安全构成了担忧，尤其是在夜间结束时，此时昼夜警觉性最低点与清醒时间增加相互作用。个体在适应非典型工作时间表的能力以及对昼夜节律失调的耐受性方面差异很大。已确定了一些易患个体和家庭因素，如年龄增长、身为负责孩子的单身女性以及分段睡眠模式，所有这些都会影响适应非典型时间表的能力。然而，先前的研究表明，在特定个体中，易患个体和社会决定因素通常并不能很好地预测轮班工作耐受性。在本手稿中，我们综述了几种改善对轮班工作适应能力的对策。
