Haus Erhard, Smolensky Michael
Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Health Partners Medical Group, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101, USA.
Cancer Causes Control. 2006 May;17(4):489-500. doi: 10.1007/s10552-005-9015-4.
Long-term epidemiologic studies on large numbers of night and rotating shift workers have suggested an increase in the incidence of breast and colon cancer in these populations. These studies suffer from poor definition and quantification of the work schedules of the exposed subjects. Against this background, the pathophysiology of phase shift and phase adaptation is reviewed. A phase shift as experienced in night and rotating shift work involves desynchronization at the molecular level in the circadian oscillators in the central nervous tissue and in most peripheral tissues of the body. There is a change in the coordination between oscillators with transient loss of control by the master-oscillator (the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, SCN) in the hypothalamus. The implications of the pathophysiology of phase shift are discussed for long-term health effects and for the design of ergonomic work schedules minimizing the adverse health effects upon the worker.
针对大量从事夜班和轮班工作的人群开展的长期流行病学研究表明，这些人群中乳腺癌和结肠癌的发病率有所上升。这些研究存在暴露对象工作时间表定义不清和量化不足的问题。在此背景下，本文对相位转移和相位适应的病理生理学进行了综述。夜班和轮班工作中经历的相位转移涉及中枢神经组织和身体大多数外周组织中昼夜节律振荡器在分子水平上的不同步。振荡器之间的协调发生变化，下丘脑主振荡器（视交叉上核，SCN）的控制出现短暂丧失。本文讨论了相位转移病理生理学对长期健康影响的意义，以及对工作安排进行人体工程学设计以尽量减少对工人健康的不利影响。
