Heller Daniel, Komar Jennifer, Lee Wonkyong Beth
University of Waterloo.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2007 Jun;33(6):898-910. doi: 10.1177/0146167207301010. Epub 2007 May 4.
The authors examine the within-individual dynamics of Big-5 personality states over time in people's daily lives. They focus on the magnitude of this within-individual variability, and the associations between personality states, short-term goals, and subjective well-being states. A total of 101 undergraduate students participated in a 10-day interval-contingent diary study. The authors' findings, based on multilevel procedures, establish a considerable amount of within-individual variability that is both (a) equal or larger than that observed between individuals and (b) larger or similar to other constructs assessed with a state approach (e.g., self-esteem and mood). In addition, both neuroticism and extraversion states are systematically related to the short-term pursuit of approach-avoidance goals. Finally, support was obtained for the mediating role of both neuroticism and extraversion states of the association between goals and subjective well-being. In sum, the authors' findings testify to the importance and utility of studying within-individual variability in personality states over time.
作者研究了日常生活中人们大五人格状态随时间的个体内部动态变化。他们关注这种个体内部变异性的大小，以及人格状态、短期目标和主观幸福感状态之间的关联。共有101名本科生参与了一项为期10天的间隔条件日记研究。作者基于多层次程序的研究结果表明，个体内部存在相当大的变异性，这种变异性（a）等于或大于个体之间观察到的变异性，并且（b）大于或类似于用状态方法评估的其他构念（例如自尊和情绪）。此外，神经质和外向性状态都与接近-回避目标的短期追求系统相关。最后，研究获得了支持，证明神经质和外向性状态在目标与主观幸福感之间的关联中起中介作用。总之，作者的研究结果证明了研究人格状态随时间的个体内部变异性的重要性和实用性。
