Wolkewitz M, Rothenbacher D, Löw M, Stegmaier C, Ziegler H, Radulescu M, Brenner H, Diepgen T L
Department of Clinical Social Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Br J Dermatol. 2007 Apr;156(4):693-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07659.x.
Prevalence studies of atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), hay fever and allergic asthma have mostly been performed in children. Studies in the adult population are still rare.
We estimated the lifetime prevalence of different atopic diseases in an elderly population in Saarland, Germany. Additionally we investigated the association between atopic diseases and sociodemographic factors including age, gender, duration of school education (as a proxy measure of socioeconomic status), family history, and size of place of residence.
This study was conducted between June 2000 and December 2002 in the State of Saarland, Germany. Participants aged 50-75 years (n=9961) were recruited by their general practitioner in the context of a general health screening examination. All filled out a standardized questionnaire and reported whether a physician had ever diagnosed an atopic disease (hay fever, AD or asthma).
Overall, 9949 subjects (mean age 62 years, 45% men) were included in this analysis. The lifetime prevalence of reported AD, hay fever and asthma was 4.3%, 8.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Lifetime prevalence of AD and asthma among women, and lifetime prevalence of hay fever among both genders, strongly decreased with age. Duration of school education (<or= 9 years, 10-11 years, > 11 years) was strongly associated with AD (3.7%, 5.7%, 6.8%; P trend < 0.0001) and hay fever (7.2%, 11.2%, 12.8%; P trend < 0.0001), but only tentatively with asthma.
The lifetime prevalence of AD is considerably lower in the elderly compared with the prevalence reported among younger adults in recent studies. Adults with a longer duration of school education appeared to have a higher risk for atopic diseases.
诸如特应性皮炎（AD）、花粉症和过敏性哮喘等特应性疾病的患病率研究大多在儿童中开展。针对成年人群的研究仍然较少。
我们估算了德国萨尔州老年人群中不同特应性疾病的终生患病率。此外，我们调查了特应性疾病与社会人口学因素之间的关联，这些因素包括年龄、性别、受教育年限（作为社会经济地位的替代指标）、家族史以及居住地区规模。
本研究于2000年6月至2002年12月在德国萨尔州进行。年龄在50 - 75岁之间的参与者（n = 9961）由其家庭医生在一般健康筛查检查中招募。所有人都填写了一份标准化问卷，并报告医生是否曾诊断他们患有特应性疾病（花粉症、AD或哮喘）。
总体而言，9949名受试者（平均年龄62岁，45%为男性）纳入了本分析。报告的AD、花粉症和哮喘的终生患病率分别为4.3%、8.3%和5.5%。女性中AD和哮喘的终生患病率以及两性中花粉症的终生患病率均随年龄大幅下降。受教育年限（≤9年、10 - 11年、>11年）与AD（3.7%、5.7%、6.8%；P趋势<0.0001）和花粉症（7.2%、11.2%、12.8%；P趋势<0.0001）密切相关，但与哮喘的关联仅为初步关联。
与近期研究报道的年轻成年人患病率相比，老年人中AD的终生患病率显著更低。受教育年限较长的成年人患特应性疾病的风险似乎更高。
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