Preminger Jill E
University of Louisville School of Medicine, Program in Audiology, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
Trends Amplif. 2007 Jun;11(2):113-23. doi: 10.1177/1084713807301084.
The purpose of this review is to describe the psychosocial effects of hearing loss, review the literature that has attempted to measure the psychosocial benefits of group audiologic rehabilitation programs, and offer suggestions for the design of future studies. The psychosocial aspects of hearing loss are multidimensional and may include the emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, behavioral, and physical responses to hearing loss. As a result of the stigma of hearing loss, individuals may isolate themselves, avoid social interactions, and/or bluff their way through communication breakdowns. Participation in group audiologic rehabilitation programs is a straightforward way to deal with the stigma and the loss of social identity associated with hearing loss, and these groups are an ideal forum for teaching communication strategies. Yet, the literature on the efficacy of group audiologic rehabilitation has produced equivocal results. Several factors may have contributed to the lack of psychosocial benefits reported in the literature, including the theoretical framework upon which the program was designed, the actual class content, the effectiveness of the outcome measures, and the demographic characteristics of the participants in the programs. Future research should determine (1) if the theoretical framework and/or the content covered in group audiologic rehabilitation programs influences the psychosocial outcomes, (2) if instructor training influences psychosocial outcomes, (3) the ideal test battery to assess the psychosocial benefits of group audiologic rehabilitation programs, (4) the participant demographic and personality characteristics that influence psychosocial outcomes, and (5) whether experienced hearing aid users have different hearing-loss related psychosocial needs than new hearing aid users.
本综述的目的是描述听力损失的心理社会影响，回顾试图衡量团体听力康复项目心理社会效益的文献，并为未来研究的设计提供建议。听力损失的心理社会方面是多维度的，可能包括对听力损失的情绪、认知、人际、行为和身体反应。由于听力损失带来的污名，个体可能会自我孤立、避免社交互动，和/或在沟通障碍时虚张声势。参与团体听力康复项目是应对与听力损失相关的污名和社会身份丧失的直接方式，而且这些团体是教授沟通策略的理想场所。然而，关于团体听力康复效果的文献得出了模棱两可的结果。文献中报道的缺乏心理社会效益可能有几个因素，包括项目设计所依据的理论框架、实际课程内容、结果测量的有效性以及项目参与者的人口统计学特征。未来的研究应该确定：（1）团体听力康复项目所涵盖的理论框架和/或内容是否会影响心理社会结果；（2）教师培训是否会影响心理社会结果；（3）评估团体听力康复项目心理社会效益的理想测试组合；（4）影响心理社会结果的参与者人口统计学和个性特征；以及（5）有经验的助听器使用者与新的助听器使用者在与听力损失相关的心理社会需求上是否存在差异。
