Aguirre A Alonso, Keefe Thomas J, Reif John S, Kashinsky Lizabeth, Yochem Pamela K, Saliki Jeremiah T, Stott Jeffrey L, Goldstein Tracey, Dubey J P, Braun Robert, Antonelis George
Wildlife Trust, New York, NY 10001, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2007 Apr;43(2):229-41. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.229.
As part of conservation efforts between 1997 and 2001, more than 25% (332 animals) of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population was sampled in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to viruses, bacteria, and parasites known to cause morbidity and mortality in other marine mammal species. Antibodies were found to phocine herpesvirus-1 by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but seropositive results were not confirmed by virus neutralization test. Antibodies to Leptospira bratislava, L. hardjo, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. pomona were detected in seals from several sites with the microagglutination test. Antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected using 10 conventional serologic tests, but because of inconsistencies in test results and laboratories used, and the lack of validation by culture, the Brucella serology should be interpreted with caution. Antibodies to B. canis were not detected by card test. Chlamydophila abortus antibodies were detected by complement fixation (CF) test, and prevalence increased significantly as a function of age; the low sensitivity and specificity associated with the CF make interpretation of results difficult. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Dirofilaria immitis were rarely found. There was no serologic evidence of exposure to four morbilliviruses, influenza A virus, canine adenovirus, caliciviruses, or other selected viruses. Continuous surveillance provides a means to detect the introduction or emergence of these or other infectious diseases, but it is dependent on the development or improvement of diagnostic tools. Continued and improved surveillance are both needed as part of future conservation efforts of Hawaiian monk seals.
作为1997年至2001年保护工作的一部分，在夏威夷群岛西北部对超过25%（332只动物）的濒危夏威夷僧海豹（Monachus schauinslandi）种群进行了采样。对血清样本进行了检测，以查找已知会在其他海洋哺乳动物物种中导致发病和死亡的病毒、细菌及寄生虫的抗体。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法发现了海豹瘟热病毒-1的抗体，但病毒中和试验未确认血清反应阳性结果。通过微量凝集试验在多个地点的海豹中检测到了针对布拉迪斯拉发钩端螺旋体、哈焦型钩端螺旋体、出血性黄疸钩端螺旋体和波摩那钩端螺旋体的抗体。使用10种传统血清学检测方法检测到了布鲁氏菌属的抗体，但由于检测结果和所使用实验室的不一致，以及缺乏培养验证，对布鲁氏菌血清学结果的解读应谨慎。卡片试验未检测到犬布鲁氏菌的抗体。通过补体结合（CF）试验检测到了流产嗜衣原体抗体，且患病率随年龄显著增加；CF试验的低敏感性和特异性使得结果解读困难。很少发现针对弓形虫和犬恶丝虫的抗体。没有血清学证据表明海豹接触过四种麻疹病毒、甲型流感病毒、犬腺病毒、杯状病毒或其他选定病毒。持续监测提供了一种检测这些或其他传染病传入或出现的手段，但这取决于诊断工具的开发或改进。作为夏威夷僧海豹未来保护工作的一部分，持续且改进的监测都是必要的。
