膳食纤维和镁摄入量与2型糖尿病发病率：一项前瞻性研究和荟萃分析。

Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis.

作者信息

Schulze Matthias B, Schulz Mandy, Heidemann Christin, Schienkiewitz Anja, Hoffmann Kurt, Boeing Heiner

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.

出版信息

Arch Intern Med. 2007 May 14;167(9):956-65. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.9.956.

DOI:10.1001/archinte.167.9.956

PMID:17502538

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Prospective studies on fiber and magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus were inconsistent. We examined associations between fiber and magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes and summarized existing prospective studies by meta-analysis.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 9702 men and 15 365 women aged 35 to 65 years who were observed for incident diabetes from 1994 to 2005. Dietary intake of fiber and magnesium were measured with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We estimated the relative risk (RR) by means of Cox proportional hazards analysis. We searched PubMed through May 2006 for prospective cohort studies of fiber and magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. We identified 9 cohort studies of fiber and 8 studies of magnesium intake and calculated summary RRs by means of a random-effects model.

RESULTS

During 176 117 person-years of follow-up, we observed 844 incident cases of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam. Higher cereal fiber intake was inversely associated with diabetes risk (RR for extreme quintiles, 0.72 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.93]), while fruit fiber (0.89 [95% CI, 0.70-1.13]) and vegetable fiber (0.93 [95% CI, 0.74-1.17]) were not significantly associated. Meta-analyses showed a reduced diabetes risk with higher cereal fiber intake (RR for extreme categories, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.62-0.72]), but no significant associations for fruit (0.96 [95% CI, 0.88-1.04]) and vegetable fiber (1.04 [95% CI, 0.94-1.15]). Magnesium intake was not related to diabetes risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam (RR for extreme quintiles, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.78-1.26]); however, meta-analysis showed a significant inverse association (RR for extreme categories, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.72-0.84]).

CONCLUSION

Higher cereal fiber and magnesium intakes may decrease diabetes risk.

摘要

背景

关于膳食纤维和镁摄入量与2型糖尿病风险的前瞻性研究结果并不一致。我们研究了膳食纤维和镁摄入量与2型糖尿病风险之间的关联，并通过荟萃分析总结了现有的前瞻性研究。

方法

我们对9702名男性和15365名年龄在35至65岁之间的女性进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，从1994年至2005年观察新发糖尿病情况。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷测量膳食纤维和镁的膳食摄入量。我们通过Cox比例风险分析估计相对风险（RR）。我们检索了截至2006年5月的PubMed，以查找关于膳食纤维和镁摄入量与2型糖尿病风险的前瞻性队列研究。我们确定了9项关于膳食纤维的队列研究和8项关于镁摄入量的研究，并通过随机效应模型计算汇总RR。

结果

在176117人年的随访期间，我们在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查-波茨坦研究中观察到844例2型糖尿病新发病例。较高的谷物纤维摄入量与糖尿病风险呈负相关（极端五分位数的RR为0.72 [95%置信区间（CI），0.56 - 0.93]），而水果纤维（0.89 [95% CI，0.70 - 1.13]）和蔬菜纤维（0.93 [95% CI，0.74 - 1.17]）则无显著关联。荟萃分析显示，较高的谷物纤维摄入量可降低糖尿病风险（极端类别RR为0.67 [95% CI，0.62 - 0.72]），但水果（0.96 [95% CI，0.88 - 1.04]）和蔬菜纤维（1.04 [95% CI，0.94 - 1.15]）无显著关联。在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查-波茨坦研究中，镁摄入量与糖尿病风险无关（极端五分位数的RR为0.99 [95% CI，0.78 - 1.26]）；然而，荟萃分析显示存在显著的负相关（极端类别RR为0.77 [95% CI，0.72 - 0.84]）。