Thorup Anne, Petersen Lone, Jeppesen Pia, Ohlenschlaeger Johan, Christensen Torben, Krarup Gertrud, Jorgensen Per, Nordentoft Merete
Department of Psychiatry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007 May;195(5):396-405. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000253784.59708.dd.
Gender differences in age at first onset, duration of untreated psychosis, psychopathology, social functioning, and self-esteem were investigated in a group of 578 young adults with a first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The mean age at first-onset of symptoms, age at first contact, and duration of untreated psychosis were similar for men and women. Men had more severe negative symptoms, poorer premorbid functioning, and poorer social networks, whereas women had more severe hallucinations. More men than women were substance abusers, were unemployed, and lived alone. Women had poorer self-esteem than men, in spite of better scores in functioning. Premorbid social adjustment was significantly related to the level of negative symptoms and number of friends. Conclusion is that men and women with first-episode psychosis showed different psychopathological characteristics and different social functioning, which cannot be explained by older age of onset for women. Women make more suicide attempts and experience lower self-esteem in spite of better social functioning.
在一组578名首次发作精神分裂症谱系障碍的年轻成年人中，研究了首次发病年龄、未治疗精神病持续时间、精神病理学、社会功能和自尊方面的性别差异。男性和女性在症状首次发作的平均年龄、首次接触年龄以及未治疗精神病的持续时间方面相似。男性有更严重的阴性症状、病前功能较差以及社交网络较差，而女性有更严重的幻觉。滥用药物、失业和独居的男性比女性更多。尽管女性在功能方面得分较高，但自尊比男性差。病前社会适应与阴性症状水平和朋友数量显著相关。结论是，首次发作精神病的男性和女性表现出不同的精神病理特征和不同的社会功能，这不能用女性发病年龄较大来解释。尽管社会功能较好，但女性自杀未遂次数更多且自尊较低。
