Lin Chunye, He Mengchang, Zhou Yuxiang, Guo Wei, Yang Zhifeng
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Feb;137(1-3):329-42. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9768-1. Epub 2007 May 17.
The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of raw or primary effluent from chemical industries in Jilin city in 1960s to 1970s, resulting in serious mercury pollution. However, an understanding of other trace metal pollution has remained unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate trace metal contamination in the sediment of the river. Bottom sediment samples were taken in the river between Jilin city and Haerbin city in 2005. An uncontaminated sediment profile was taken in the Nen River at the same time. Total concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Ti, Mn, V, Sc, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were measured by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, following digestion with various acids. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments were 5.1-14.7, 18.5-78.9, 2.4-75.4, 7.2-29.0, 13.5-124.4, and 21.8-403.1 mg/kg, respectively, generally decreasing along the course of the river from Jilin city to Haerbin city. Background concentrations of trace metals were reconstructed by geochemical normalization to a conservative element scandium. Results showed that concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment were generally only slightly higher than or equal to their background values, while concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the some sediment samples were significantly higher than their background values. In detail, the sediment at Jilin city was moderately contaminated by Cu, and the sediment of the Second Songhua River was moderately contaminated by Pb and Zn. The top layer (0-10 cm depth) and bottom layers (30-46 cm depth) of one sediment profile at Wukeshu town were generally moderately polluted by Pb and Zn. Synthetically, the surface sediment in the studied river section was classified as natural sediment without ecological risk by the sediment pollution index (SPI) of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Only the 30-45 cm depth of the sediment profile at Wukeshu town was classified as low polluted sediment by the SPI of these metals, recording a historical contamination of the river in the 1960s to 1970s. This buried contamination of trace metals might pose a potential risk to water column under disturbance of sediment.
20世纪60年代至70年代，大量来自吉林市化工行业的原废水或一级废水排入第二松花江，导致严重的汞污染。然而，对于其他痕量金属污染的了解仍不明确。本研究的目的是调查该河流沉积物中的痕量金属污染情况。2005年在吉林市和哈尔滨市之间的河段采集了底部沉积物样本。同时在嫩江采集了未受污染的沉积物剖面。沉积物样本经各种酸消解后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）或电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定其中铝、铁、镁、钙、钾、钠、钛、锰、钒、钪、钴、铜、铬、镍、铅和锌的总浓度。表层沉积物中钴、铜、铬、镍、铅和锌的浓度分别为5.1 - 14.7、18.5 - 78.9、2.4 - 75.4、7.2 - 29.0、13.5 - 124.4和21.8 - 403.1 mg/kg，总体上沿河流从吉林市到哈尔滨市的方向逐渐降低。通过对保守元素钪进行地球化学归一化来重建痕量金属的背景浓度。结果表明，沉积物中钴、铬和镍的浓度一般仅略高于或等于其背景值，而部分沉积物样本中铜、铅和锌的浓度显著高于其背景值。具体而言，吉林市的沉积物受到铜的中度污染，第二松花江的沉积物受到铅和锌的中度污染。五棵树镇一个沉积物剖面的表层（0 - 10 cm深度）和底层（30 - 46 cm深度）普遍受到铅和锌的中度污染。综合来看，根据铜、铬、镍、铅和锌的沉积物污染指数（SPI），研究河段的表层沉积物被归类为无生态风险的天然沉积物。只有五棵树镇沉积物剖面30 - 45 cm深度处根据这些金属的SPI被归类为轻度污染沉积物，记录了该河流在20世纪60年代至70年代的历史污染情况。这种痕量金属的埋藏污染在沉积物扰动的情况下可能对水柱构成潜在风险。
