Bloom Paul, Weisberg Deena Skolnick
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):996-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1133398.
Resistance to certain scientific ideas derives in large part from assumptions and biases that can be demonstrated experimentally in young children and that may persist into adulthood. In particular, both adults and children resist acquiring scientific information that clashes with common-sense intuitions about the physical and psychological domains. Additionally, when learning information from other people, both adults and children are sensitive to the trustworthiness of the source of that information. Resistance to science, then, is particularly exaggerated in societies where nonscientific ideologies have the advantages of being both grounded in common sense and transmitted by trustworthy sources.
对某些科学观点的抵触在很大程度上源于一些假设和偏见,这些假设和偏见在幼儿身上就可以通过实验得到证明,并且可能持续到成年。特别是,成人和儿童都抗拒获取与关于物理和心理领域的常识直觉相冲突的科学信息。此外,在从他人那里学习信息时,成人和儿童都会对该信息来源的可信度敏感。那么,在非科学意识形态既基于常识又由可信来源传播的社会中,对科学的抵触就会尤其严重。