Avent Neil D
Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Bristol Genomics Research Institute, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Transfus Clin Biol. 2007 May;14(1):10-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2007.04.011. Epub 2007 May 23.
Determination of predicted blood group phenotype by determination of genotype has been performed since the 1990s. This evolved due to the rapid accrual of information surrounding the molecular basis of blood group antigen expression, which started in 1990 with ABO and RH systems and has now resulted in the molecular description of 28 of the 29 blood groups. Blood group genotyping is currently performed mostly for fetal blood group incompatibility and for assessment of multi-transfused patients. Both of these clinical scenarios are either dangerous or technically difficult, respectively to define serologically. With the simultaneous development of mass scale genotyping platforms it has now permitted the application of them to blood group genotype determination. In this paper, I describe some recently published work that has demonstrated that mass scale genotyping approaches are feasible. These approaches may lead to more effective management of blood stocks and patient cross-matching by reducing the dependence on serology during the time critical pre-transfusion phase. It is most probable that large scale studies, perhaps involving many European Union and North American based blood suppliers, may drive the introduction of this technology and convince red cell serologists that this approach may allow their work to be more focussed.
自20世纪90年代以来，通过基因分型来确定预测的血型表型就已经开始实施。这一进展得益于围绕血型抗原表达分子基础的信息迅速积累，这一过程始于1990年的ABO和RH系统，如今已实现了对29种血型中28种的分子描述。目前，血型基因分型主要用于胎儿血型不相容情况以及评估多次输血的患者。这两种临床情况在血清学定义上分别存在危险或技术困难。随着大规模基因分型平台的同步发展，现在已能够将其应用于血型基因分型测定。在本文中，我描述了一些最近发表的工作，这些工作表明大规模基因分型方法是可行的。这些方法可能通过在输血前关键阶段减少对血清学的依赖，从而实现对血库和患者交叉配血更有效的管理。极有可能的是，或许涉及许多欧盟和北美血液供应商的大规模研究，可能推动这项技术的引入，并使红细胞血清学家相信这种方法可能会让他们的工作更具针对性。
