Stolzenberg H, Kahl H, Bergmann K E
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, BRD.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 May-Jun;50(5-6):659-69. doi: 10.1007/s00103-007-0227-5.
In the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), a number of anthropometric parameters were assessed in a standardised way in 17,641 boys and girls. To this end, body weight and height, head circumference and upper arm length, as well as two skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular) were measured for the entire age range (0-12 years); starting from 6 years of age, elbow breadth and from 11 years of age waist and hip circumference were measured in addition. For all parameters, means with confidence intervals are reported per age (in years) and gender. Median graphs depict the changes with increasing age according to gender for each body measurement. The complex age-related anthropometric developments along with significant gender specificity show the full range of the dynamic physical development in boys and girls. Based on skinfold measurement data, the body fat percentage was estimated. Thickness and location of the skinfolds, as well as the calculated waist-to-hip ratio is used as an indicator for gender-specific fat distribution. Using the frame index, it is attempted to estimate skeletal robustness. For the anthropometric parameters studied, hardly any regional differences were found. However, head circumference, frame index and all parameters strongly associated with body fat show a significant social status gradient. Children and adolescents with migration background have on average a lower height, larger waist circumference and higher percentage of body fat.
在德国全国性的儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS）中，对17641名男孩和女孩的多项人体测量参数进行了标准化评估。为此，测量了全年龄段（0至12岁）的体重、身高、头围、上臂长度以及两个皮褶厚度（肱三头肌、肩胛下）；从6岁起，还测量了肘宽，从11岁起测量了腰围和臀围。对于所有参数，报告了各年龄（以年计）和性别的均值及置信区间。中位数图表描绘了各身体测量指标随年龄增长按性别的变化情况。复杂的与年龄相关的人体测量发育以及显著的性别特异性展现了男孩和女孩动态身体发育的全貌。基于皮褶测量数据，估算了体脂百分比。皮褶的厚度和位置以及计算出的腰臀比被用作性别特异性脂肪分布的指标。使用体格指数试图估算骨骼健壮程度。在所研究的人体测量参数方面，几乎未发现任何地区差异。然而，头围、体格指数以及所有与体脂密切相关的参数均呈现出显著的社会地位梯度。有移民背景的儿童和青少年平均身高较低、腰围较大且体脂百分比更高。
