Kahl H, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schlaud M
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, BRD.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 May-Jun;50(5-6):677-85. doi: 10.1007/s00103-007-0229-3.
Following the standstill in maturity acceleration in the eighties of the twentieth century, now a further shift in maturity development towards younger ages is the issue of an international and also German discussion. The collection of sexual maturity data in boys and girls as part of the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) is intended to pro vide population-representative information on sexual maturation and to evaluate associations between maturity status and selected health and social data. Girls were interviewed regarding their first menstrual period (menarche) and boys regarding voice change (status-quo method). Pubic hair was self-assessed by children and adolescents from 10 to 17 years of age, based on drawings of Tanner's defined developmental stages. The median age for menarche, for voice change and pubic hair stages were calculated using a logit model. At an age of 10 years, 42.4 % of girls and 35.7 % of boys report the development of pubic hair. At 17 years of age, the majority of girls and boys have reached the stages PH5 (girls 57.5 %, boys 47.8 %) and PH6 (girls 23.6 %, boys 46.5 %) according to Tanner. The average age for each pubic hair stage is lower in girls (PH2 10.8; PH3 11.7; PH4 12.3; PH5 13.4 years) than in boys (PH2 10.9; PH3 12.6; PH4 13.4; PH5 14.1). The median age at menarche is 12.8 years, the median for voice change (voice low) 15.1 years. Significant differences in age at menarche are found in girls depending on socioeconomic status (12.7/12.9/13.0 years for low/middle/high status) and between girls with and without migration background (12.5/12.9 years). No differences in age at menarche can be seen between East and West Germany or cities and rural areas. The association between maturity status and BMI is more pronounced in girls than in boys. Overall, the onset of maturity development in German children and adolescents is not significantly earlier than in other European studies.
在20世纪80年代成熟加速停滞之后，如今成熟发展进一步向更年轻的年龄转变成为国际乃至德国讨论的话题。作为德国全国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS）的一部分，收集男孩和女孩的性成熟数据旨在提供关于性成熟的具有人群代表性的信息，并评估成熟状态与选定的健康和社会数据之间的关联。对女孩询问其初潮情况，对男孩询问其声音变化情况（现状法）。10至17岁的儿童和青少年根据坦纳定义的发育阶段的图片对阴毛情况进行自我评估。初潮、声音变化和阴毛阶段的中位年龄使用逻辑模型计算。10岁时，42.4%的女孩和35.7%的男孩报告有阴毛发育。17岁时，根据坦纳标准，大多数女孩和男孩已达到阴毛5期（女孩57.5%，男孩47.8%）和阴毛6期（女孩23.6%，男孩46.5%）。女孩每个阴毛阶段的平均年龄（阴毛2期10.8岁；阴毛3期11.7岁；阴毛4期12.3岁；阴毛5期13.4岁）低于男孩（阴毛2期10.9岁；阴毛3期12.6岁；阴毛4期13.4岁；阴毛5期14.1岁）。初潮的中位年龄为12.8岁，声音变低沉的中位年龄为15.1岁。初潮年龄在不同社会经济地位的女孩中存在显著差异（低/中/高地位分别为12.7/12.9/13.0岁），在有和没有移民背景的女孩之间也存在差异（12.5/12.9岁）。在德国东部和西部之间或城市和农村地区，初潮年龄没有差异。成熟状态与体重指数之间的关联在女孩中比在男孩中更明显。总体而言，德国儿童和青少年成熟发育的开始时间并不比其他欧洲研究显著更早。
