Pachlopnik Schmid Jana M, Kuehni Claudia E, Strippoli Marie-Pierre F, Roiha Hanna L, Pavlovic Rodoljub, Latzin Philipp, Gallati Sabina, Kraemer Richard, Dahinden Clemens, Frey Urs
Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland.
Pediatr Res. 2007 Apr;61(4):462-6. doi: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180332d02.
Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with respiratory diseases in the offspring, possibly due to prenatal influences on the developing immune system. We investigated whether maternal smoking in pregnancy was associated with cord blood leukocyte numbers, including precursor dendritic cells, adjusting for concomitant factors. In a prospective healthy birth cohort study, total leukocyte counts were reduced in neonates of smoking mothers [10.7 (8.4-13.0), n=14] compared with nonexposed infants [14.7 (13.7-15.7), n=74, p=0.002] [geometric mean cells x 10(3)/microL (95% confidence interval)]. All leukocyte subsets were decreased, most prominently segmented neutrophils [4.3 (2.8-5.7) versus 6.2 (5.5-6.8), p=0.021], lymphocytes [3.8 (2.9-4.8) versus 5.0 (4.5-5.6), p=0.036], and myeloid precursor dendritic cells [12.7 cells/microL (9.1-17.8) versus 18.3 (15.8-21.2), p=0.055]. These differences persisted after adjustment for possible confounders. Predictors of myeloid precursor dendritic cell numbers in multivariable models were maternal smoking (-5.1 cells/microL, p=0.042), age (-0.5 cells/microL/y, p=0.035), and, marginally, asthma (+8.1 cells/microL, p=0.075). The decrease of all leukocytes in neonates of smoking mothers could be clinically significant and suggests a decreased cell production, increased peripheral recruitment, or retention in bone marrow. Given the importance of dendritic cells in early immune responses, their decrease might reflect an impact of maternal smoking on the developing fetal immune system.
孕期母亲吸烟与后代呼吸系统疾病有关，这可能是由于产前对发育中的免疫系统产生影响。我们研究了孕期母亲吸烟是否与脐带血白细胞数量相关，包括前体树突状细胞，并对相关因素进行了校正。在一项前瞻性健康出生队列研究中，与未暴露婴儿相比，吸烟母亲的新生儿总白细胞计数降低[10.7(8.4 - 13.0)，n = 14]，未暴露婴儿为[14.7(13.7 - 15.7)，n = 74，p = 0.002][几何平均细胞数×10(3)/微升(95%置信区间)]。所有白细胞亚群均减少，最明显的是分叶中性粒细胞[4.3(2.8 - 5.7)对6.2(5.5 - 6.8)，p = 0.021]、淋巴细胞[3.8(2.9 - 4.8)对5.0(4.5 - 5.6)，p = 0.036]和髓样前体树突状细胞[12.7细胞/微升(9.1 - 17.8)对18.3(15.8 - 21.2)，p = 0.055]。在对可能的混杂因素进行校正后，这些差异仍然存在。多变量模型中髓样前体树突状细胞数量的预测因素为母亲吸烟(-5.1细胞/微升，p = 0.042)、年龄(-0.5细胞/微升/年，p = 0.035)，以及边缘因素哮喘(+8.1细胞/微升，p = 0.075)。吸烟母亲的新生儿所有白细胞减少在临床上可能具有重要意义，提示细胞生成减少、外周募集增加或骨髓中细胞滞留。鉴于树突状细胞在早期免疫反应中的重要性，其减少可能反映了母亲吸烟对发育中的胎儿免疫系统的影响。
