Baumeister Harald, Härter Martin
Dept. of Rehabilitation Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstrasse 41, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2007 Jul;42(7):537-46. doi: 10.1007/s00127-007-0204-1. Epub 2007 May 21.
In the last two decades, a multitude of investigations into the frequency of mental disorders in the population have emerged, making it difficult to keep track of recent findings and tasks. Building on a historical review, the present study provides a comprehensive overview of knowledge about the prevalence of mental disorders.
The review is based on current national surveys with comparable methodology. Study selection, based on a consecutive literature search through August 2005, led to the inclusion of Australian, German, Dutch and US-American (NCS; NCS-R) surveys of mental disorders in the general population.
A considerable proportion of the population is found to have a mental disorder. The most frequent disorders within the preceding 12 months are mood disorders (6.6-11.9%) and anxiety disorders (5.6-18.1%). Substance disorders (3.8-11.3%) and somatoform disorders (11.0%) are also very frequent. The prevalence rates presented in each survey are dependent on the specific disorders included and the classification system underlying them. Important risk factors are being female, being unmarried, being unemployed and having a low social status.
Knowledge about mental disorders in the general population can contribute to bringing about considerable improvement in the treatment of mental disorders. In addition to available knowledge, however, there is a continued need to address existing challenges from both a methodological and content-related perspective, e.g. the lack of or inadequate inclusion of specific disorders, the lack of prevalence rates of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence, and the as yet only rare inclusion of personality disorders.
在过去二十年中，出现了大量关于人群中精神障碍发生率的调查，这使得追踪最新研究结果和任务变得困难。基于历史回顾，本研究全面概述了有关精神障碍患病率的知识。
该综述基于采用可比方法的当前全国性调查。通过对截至2005年8月的文献进行连续检索来选择研究，最终纳入了澳大利亚、德国、荷兰和美国（全国共病调查；全国共病调查-复制版）对普通人群精神障碍的调查。
发现相当一部分人群患有精神障碍。在过去12个月中最常见的障碍是情绪障碍（6.6%-11.9%）和焦虑障碍（5.6%-18.1%）。物质使用障碍（3.8%-11.3%）和躯体形式障碍（11.0%）也很常见。每项调查中呈现的患病率取决于所包括的具体障碍及其所依据的分类系统。重要的风险因素包括女性、未婚、失业和社会地位低。
关于普通人群精神障碍的知识有助于在精神障碍治疗方面取得显著改善。然而，除了现有知识外，仍需要从方法和内容相关的角度应对现有挑战，例如特定障碍的纳入不足或缺乏、儿童和青少年精神障碍患病率数据的缺乏，以及人格障碍目前仅有罕见纳入。
