Gurvich Caroline, Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie, Fitzgerald Paul B, Millist Lyn, White Owen B
Experimental Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Brain Systems Research Laboratory, The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Mov Disord. 2007 Jul 30;22(10):1444-1450. doi: 10.1002/mds.21510.
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulty performing tasks relying on inhibitory control and working memory, functions of the prefrontal cortex. Eye movement paradigms can be used to investigate basic sensorimotor functions and higher order cognitive aspects of motor control. This study investigated inhibitory control and spatial working memory in the saccadic system of 13 individuals with mild-moderate PD and 13 age-matched controls. Tasks explored suppression of reflexive saccades during qualitatively different tasks, generation of express and anticipatory saccades, and the ability to respond to occasional, unpredictable ("oddball") targets that occurred during a sequence of well-learned, reciprocating saccades between horizontal targets. Spatial working memory was assessed using single and two-step (involving a visually guided saccade during the delay period) memory-guided tasks. Results for the PD group indicated an increased percentage of response selection errors during an oddball task, reduced suppression of inappropriate reflexive saccades during memory-guided tasks (but not during fixation or saccade-engagement tasks), and an increased percentage of express and anticipatory saccades. Spatial working memory was preserved in the PD group during single and two-step memory-guided tasks. These findings are consistent with dysfunction within fronto-striatal and prefrontal-collicular pathways influencing suppression and selection of eye movements.
帕金森病（PD）患者在执行依赖抑制控制和工作记忆（前额叶皮质的功能）的任务时存在困难。眼动范式可用于研究基本的感觉运动功能以及运动控制的高阶认知方面。本研究调查了13名轻度至中度PD患者和13名年龄匹配的对照者的扫视系统中的抑制控制和空间工作记忆。任务包括在性质不同的任务期间探索对反射性扫视的抑制、快速和预期扫视的产生，以及对在一系列在水平目标之间熟练往复的扫视过程中偶尔出现的、不可预测的（“异常球”）目标做出反应的能力。使用单步和两步（在延迟期涉及视觉引导扫视）记忆引导任务评估空间工作记忆。PD组的结果表明，在异常球任务期间反应选择错误的百分比增加，在记忆引导任务期间对不适当反射性扫视的抑制减少（但在注视或扫视启动任务期间没有减少），并且快速和预期扫视的百分比增加。在单步和两步记忆引导任务期间，PD组的空间工作记忆得以保留。这些发现与额纹状体和前额叶 - 脑桥通路内的功能障碍影响眼球运动的抑制和选择一致。
