Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia ; Clinical Research Centre, North Metropolitan Health Service-Mental Health Perth, WA, Australia.
Division of Psychiatry, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, NORMENT Centre of Excellence (RCN # 223273), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Mar 26;8:180. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00180. eCollection 2014.
The National Institute of Mental Health initiative called the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project aims to provide a new approach to understanding mental illness grounded in the fundamental domains of human behavior and psychological functioning. To this end the RDoC framework encourages researchers and clinicians to think outside the [diagnostic] box, by studying symptoms, behaviors or biomarkers that cut across traditional mental illness categories. In this article we examine and discuss how the RDoC framework can improve our understanding of psychopathology by zeroing in on hallucinations- now widely recognized as a symptom that occurs in a range of clinical and non-clinical groups. We focus on a single domain of functioning-namely cognitive [inhibitory] control-and assimilate key findings structured around the basic RDoC "units of analysis," which span the range from observable behavior to molecular genetics. Our synthesis and critique of the literature provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the emergence of auditory hallucinations, linked to the individual dynamics of inhibitory development before and after puberty; favors separate developmental trajectories for clinical and non-clinical hallucinations; yields new insights into co-occurring emotional and behavioral problems; and suggests some novel avenues for treatment.
美国国立精神卫生研究所的研究领域标准（RDoC）项目旨在提供一种新的方法来理解精神疾病，其基础是人类行为和心理功能的基本领域。为此，RDoC 框架鼓励研究人员和临床医生跳出[诊断]框框，通过研究跨越传统精神疾病类别的症状、行为或生物标志物。在本文中，我们研究和讨论了 RDoC 框架如何通过关注现在广泛认为存在于一系列临床和非临床群体中的症状——幻觉，来提高我们对精神病理学的理解。我们专注于一个单一的功能领域，即认知[抑制]控制，并围绕基本的 RDoC“分析单元”整合关键发现，这些单元涵盖了从可观察行为到分子遗传学的范围。我们对文献的综合和评论提供了对听觉幻觉出现所涉及的机制的更深入理解，这些机制与青春期前后个体抑制发展的动态有关；支持临床和非临床幻觉的独立发展轨迹；为同时存在的情绪和行为问题提供了新的见解；并为治疗提供了一些新的途径。
