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婴儿指物:是为合作而交流还是为学习而交流?

Infant pointing: communication to cooperate or communication to learn?

作者信息

Southgate Victoria, van Maanen Catharine, Csibra Gergely

机构信息

Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

出版信息

Child Dev. 2007 May-Jun;78(3):735-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01028.x.

Abstract

Tomasello, Carpenter, and Liszkowski (2007) present compelling data to support the view that infant pointing, from the outset, is communicative and deployed in many of the same situations in which adults would ordinarily point for one another, either to share their interest in something, or to informatively help the other person. This commentary concurs with the view that infant pointing is a communicative gesture, but challenges their interpretation of the motives behind pointing in 12-month-olds. An alternative account is proposed, according to which infant pointing is neither declarative nor imperative, but interrogative, and rather than being driven by the motive to share or help, it may serve a powerful cultural learning mechanism by which infants can obtain information from knowledgeable adults.

摘要

托马塞洛、卡彭特和利斯佐科夫斯基(2007年)提供了令人信服的数据,以支持这样一种观点:婴儿的指物行为从一开始就是具有交际性的,并且在许多与成年人通常相互指物的相同情境中都会出现,要么是为了分享对某事物的兴趣,要么是为了提供信息帮助他人。本评论赞同婴儿指物是一种交际手势的观点,但对他们对12个月大婴儿指物背后动机的解释提出了质疑。本文提出了另一种解释,即婴儿的指物行为既不是陈述性的也不是祈使性的,而是疑问性的,它并非由分享或帮助的动机驱动,而是可能服务于一种强大的文化学习机制,通过这种机制婴儿可以从知识渊博的成年人那里获取信息。

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