Benzaquen M E, Risco C A, Archbald L F, Melendez P, Thatcher M-J, Thatcher W W
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2007 Jun;90(6):2804-14. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-482.
The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the association among abnormal calving, parity, and season on the incidence of puerperal metritis (PM) and clinical endometritis (CE) during d 3 to 13 and 20 to 30 postpartum, respectively; 2) to describe the rectal temperature (RT) of cows with PM before diagnosis; and 3) to document associations among PM, CE, and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows. This study followed a prospective observational study design. Cows were classified as having an abnormal calving status (AC), i.e., cows calving with dystocia, twins, retained fetal membranes, or some combination of these conditions, and having a normal calving status (NC). Daily RT was recorded from d 3 to 13 postpartum for all cows, and health examinations were performed on cows that appeared not well. A total of 450 calvings were evaluated. Cows with an AC had greater odds of PM than cows with NC [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9 to 8.0). A season by parity interaction showed that primiparous cows that calved during the warm season had lower AOR of PM than during the cool season (0.24; 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.62), whereas multiparous cows did not have seasonal effects on PM (1.43; 95% CI = 0.65 to 3.18). Cows with AC have greater AOR for CE than cows with NC (2.8; 95% CI = 1.7 to 4.9), and greater AOR of CE were detected in cows diagnosed with PM than in cows without PM (2.2; 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.9). Rectal temperature in cows with PM increased significantly 24 h before diagnosis of PM, reaching 39.2 +/- 0.05 degrees C on the day of diagnosis. In cows with PM and fever at diagnosis, the RT began to increase from 72 to 48 h before the diagnosis of PM and continued to increase to 39.7 +/- 0.09 degrees C on d 0 (day of diagnosis). Nonetheless, cows with PM without fever at diagnosis had no daily increases in RT before diagnosis of PM. Still, the RT on d 0 was different from cows without PM. Cows without PM had a stable RT (38.6 +/- 0.01 degrees C). There were no detected differences in first-service conception risk or cumulative pregnancy risk by 150 d postpartum between cows with or without PM. Still, a season effect on first-service conception AOR (warm vs. cool = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.72) and accumulated pregnancy AOR by 150 d postpartum was detected (warm vs. cool = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.33).
1）分别评估产后3至13天和20至30天内异常产犊、胎次和季节与产后子宫内膜炎（PM）及临床型子宫内膜炎（CE）发病率之间的关联；2）描述诊断前患有PM的奶牛的直肠温度（RT）；3）记录泌乳奶牛中PM、CE与繁殖性能之间的关联。本研究采用前瞻性观察性研究设计。奶牛被分为具有异常产犊状况（AC），即难产、双胎、胎膜滞留或这些情况的某种组合产犊的奶牛，以及具有正常产犊状况（NC）的奶牛。对所有奶牛在产后3至13天记录每日RT，并对表现不佳的奶牛进行健康检查。总共评估了450次产犊。与NC奶牛相比，AC奶牛患PM的几率更高[调整优势比（AOR）=4.8；95%置信区间（CI）=2.9至8.0]。胎次与季节的交互作用表明，在温暖季节产犊的初产奶牛患PM的AOR低于凉爽季节（0.24；95%CI=0.09至0.62），而经产奶牛患PM没有季节效应（1.43；95%CI=0.65至3.18）。与NC奶牛相比，AC奶牛患CE的AOR更高（2.8；95%CI=1.7至4.9），并且诊断为PM的奶牛患CE的AOR高于未患PM的奶牛（2.2；95%CI=1.1至3.9）。患PM的奶牛在诊断前24小时直肠温度显著升高，诊断当天达到39.2±0.05℃。在诊断时患有PM且发热的奶牛中，RT在诊断前72至48小时开始升高，并在诊断当天（第0天）持续升高至39.7±0.09℃。然而，诊断时患有PM但不发热的奶牛在诊断前RT没有每日升高。尽管如此，第0天的RT与未患PM的奶牛不同。未患PM的奶牛RT稳定（38.6±0.01℃）。产后150天内，患PM和未患PM的奶牛在首次配种受孕风险或累积妊娠风险方面未检测到差异。不过，检测到季节对首次配种受孕AOR（温暖季节与凉爽季节=0.98；95%CI=0.18至0.72）以及产后150天累积妊娠AOR有影响（温暖季节与凉爽季节=0.18；95%CI=0.10至0.33）。
