Barrilleaux Bonnie, Phinney Donald G, Prockop Darwin J, O'Connor Kim C
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
Tissue Eng. 2006 Nov;12(11):3007-19. doi: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.3007.
Adult stem cells have the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine with their unique abilities to self-renew and differentiate into various phenotypes. This review examines progress and challenges in ex vivo tissue engineering with adult stem cells. These rare cells are harvested from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, adipose, skeletal muscle, and placenta, and differentiate into cells of their own lineage and in some cases atypical lineages. Insight into the stem cell niche leads to the identification of matrix components, soluble factors, and physiological conditions that enhance the ex vivo amplification and differentiation of stem cells. Scaffolds composed of metals, naturally occurring materials, and synthetic polymers organize stem cells into complex spatial groupings that mimic native tissue. Cell signals from covalently bound ligands and slowly released regulatory factors in scaffolds direct stem cell fate. Future advances in stem cell biology and scaffold design will ultimately improve the efficacy of tissue substitutes as implants, in research, and as extracorporeal devices.
成体干细胞具有自我更新和分化为各种表型的独特能力，这使其有潜力彻底改变再生医学。本综述探讨了利用成体干细胞进行体外组织工程的进展与挑战。这些稀有细胞从包括骨髓、脂肪、骨骼肌和胎盘在内的多种组织中获取，并分化为自身谱系的细胞，在某些情况下还能分化为非典型谱系的细胞。对干细胞生态位的深入了解有助于识别促进干细胞体外扩增和分化的基质成分、可溶性因子和生理条件。由金属、天然材料和合成聚合物组成的支架将干细胞组织成模仿天然组织的复杂空间排列。支架中通过共价结合配体和缓慢释放的调节因子发出的细胞信号引导干细胞的命运。干细胞生物学和支架设计的未来进展最终将提高组织替代物作为植入物、用于研究以及作为体外装置的功效。
