Dollman J, Ridley K, Olds T, Lowe E
Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Acta Paediatr. 2007 Jul;96(7):1011-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00278.x. Epub 2007 May 24.
To compare self-reported school-day sleep duration in 10- to 15-year-old South Australians between 1985 and 2004.
Data were collected from 10- to 15-year-old participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey (n = 390) and the 2004 South Australian Physical Activity Survey (n = 510). Identical self-report questionnaires were administered in both surveys, providing data on school-day bed-time, wake-time and sleep duration; as well as age, gender and socioeconomic status (SES). Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and SES, was used to compare all sleep variables between surveys.
Declines in sleep duration were found for both girls (28 min) and boys (33 min) between surveys. The reduction was more pronounced in 'lower SES' boys (44 min) than 'higher SES' boys (23 min). Boys reported later bed-time than girls in the 2004 survey, while no gender differences were apparent in the 1985 survey.
Our findings suggest reductions in school-day sleep duration have occurred in Australian children and adolescents over the last 20 years, due largely to later bed-times. The physiological significance of these declines and mediating influences, such as SES, are yet to be explicated.
比较1985年至2004年间南澳大利亚州10至15岁儿童自述上学日的睡眠时间。
数据收集自1985年澳大利亚学校健康与体能调查中的10至15岁参与者（n = 390）以及2004年南澳大利亚州体育活动调查中的参与者（n = 510）。两项调查均采用相同的自述问卷，提供上学日就寝时间、起床时间和睡眠时间的数据；以及年龄、性别和社会经济地位（SES）。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA），控制年龄和SES，以比较两次调查之间的所有睡眠变量。
两次调查之间，女孩（减少28分钟）和男孩（减少33分钟）的睡眠时间均有所下降。“低SES”男孩（减少44分钟）的睡眠时间减少比“高SES”男孩（减少23分钟）更为明显。在2004年的调查中，男孩报告的就寝时间比女孩晚，而在1985年的调查中没有明显的性别差异。
我们的研究结果表明，在过去20年中，澳大利亚儿童和青少年上学日的睡眠时间有所减少，这主要是由于就寝时间推迟所致。这些睡眠时间减少的生理意义以及诸如SES等中介影响尚待阐明。
