Ip Jenny M, Huynh Son C, Robaei Dana, Rose Kathryn A, Morgan Ian G, Smith Wayne, Kifley Annette, Mitchell Paul
Centre for Vision Research (Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute), University of Sydney, and the Vision Co-operative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jun;48(6):2520-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0716.
To examine the influences of ethnicity, parental myopia, and near work on spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) in a population-based sample of 12-year-old Australian children.
Year-7 children in the Sydney Myopia Study (n = 2353, 75.3% response) underwent an ophthalmic examination including cycloplegic autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate) and ocular biometry (IOLMaster; Carl Zeiss Meditec GmbH, Jena, Germany). Data for parental myopia, ethnicity, near work, and outdoor activities were derived from questionnaires and were available for 1781 children. Optical prescriptions of parents were sought if the spectacles were used.
The prevalence of myopia in the children increased with the number of myopic parents (7.6%, 14.9%, and 43.6% for no, one, or two myopic parents). In parallel, the mean SER (+/-SE of the mean) was more negative (0.70 +/- 0.08, 0.34 +/- 0.09, and -0.55 +/- 0.34 D), and the mean AL was longer (23.32 +/- 0.05, 23.44 +/- 0.06, and 23.62 +/- 0.16 mm) after adjustment for demographic and environmental factors. In multivariate analyses, odds of childhood myopia did not change with higher levels of near work (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.03). Interactions between parental myopia and ethnicity were significant for SER and AL (both P < 0.0001), reflecting greater decreases in SER and greater increases in AL with the number of myopic parents in the children of East Asian ethnicity than in the children of European Caucasian ethnicity. In the nonmyopic children, there was no association between parental myopia and AL.
In this sample, parental myopia was associated with more myopic SER and longer AL, with significant ethnic interactions.
在以澳大利亚12岁儿童为基础的样本中，研究种族、父母近视和近距离工作对等效球镜度（SER）和眼轴长度（AL）的影响。
悉尼近视研究中的七年级儿童（n = 2353，应答率75.3%）接受了眼科检查，包括睫状肌麻痹验光（1%托吡卡胺）和眼部生物测量（IOLMaster；德国耶拿卡尔蔡司医疗技术有限公司）。父母近视、种族、近距离工作和户外活动的数据来自问卷调查，1781名儿童的数据可用。如果使用了眼镜，则获取父母的验光处方。
儿童近视患病率随近视父母数量的增加而升高（无近视父母、有一位近视父母、有两位近视父母的儿童患病率分别为7.6%、14.9%和43.6%）。同时，在对人口统计学和环境因素进行调整后，平均SER（平均值的±标准误）更负（分别为0.70±0.08、0.34±0.09和 -0.55±0.34 D），平均AL更长（分别为23.32±0.05、23.44±0.06和23.62±0.16 mm）。在多变量分析中，儿童近视的几率不会随着更高水平的近距离工作而改变（优势比[OR]=1.01；95%置信区间[CI]=0.99 - 1.03）。父母近视与种族之间的相互作用对SER和AL均有显著影响（P均<0.0001），这反映出与欧洲白种人儿童相比，东亚种族儿童中近视父母数量增加时，SER的降低幅度更大，AL的增加幅度更大。在非近视儿童中，父母近视与AL之间没有关联。
在该样本中，父母近视与更近视的SER和更长的AL相关，存在显著的种族相互作用。
