Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022 May;239(5):1387-1395. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05993-7. Epub 2021 Oct 15.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with steeper delay discounting rates; however, it is unknown whether substance co-use, particularly cannabis use, has an additive effect on discounting rates among heavy drinkers. Furthermore, it is unclear whether substance co-use and delay discounting are independently associated with AUD severity.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis co-use impacts delay discounting rates. We also sought to determine whether substance co-use and delay discounting were associated with AUD symptom counts.
The study sample was culled from several human laboratory studies and consisted of 483 heavy drinking individuals who completed a baseline visit (prior to experimental procedures). Participants were divided into groups based on self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use during the past 30 days: alcohol only (n = 184), alcohol + cigarettes (n = 89), alcohol + cannabis (n = 82), and tri-use (n = 128). We examined discounting rates across the 4 groups and used multiple linear regression to test whether co-use and delay discounting were associated with AUD symptoms.
After adjusting for covariates, individuals in the alcohol + cannabis group and the tri-use group had steeper discounting rates relative to the alcohol-only group. In addition, tri-use and delay discounting rates were independently correlated with a greater number of AUD symptoms.
Delay discounting rates were significantly greater among subgroups reporting cannabis use providing partial support for an additive effect, while also highlighting the importance of co-use substance type. Both tri-use and delay discounting were associated with greater AUD severity, which may provide relevant intervention targets.
酒精使用障碍（AUD）与更陡峭的延迟折扣率相关；然而，尚不清楚物质共用，特别是大麻使用，是否会对重度饮酒者的折扣率产生附加影响。此外，尚不清楚物质共用和延迟折扣是否与 AUD 严重程度独立相关。
本研究旨在确定酒精、烟草和大麻共用是否会影响延迟折扣率。我们还试图确定物质共用和延迟折扣是否与 AUD 症状计数相关。
研究样本取自几项人体实验室研究，包括 483 名重度饮酒者，他们完成了基线访问（在实验程序之前）。参与者根据过去 30 天内的自我报告的酒精、烟草和大麻使用情况分为以下几组：仅饮酒（n = 184）、饮酒+香烟（n = 89）、饮酒+大麻（n = 82）和三重使用（n = 128）。我们检查了 4 组的折扣率，并使用多元线性回归测试了共用来和延迟折扣是否与 AUD 症状相关。
在调整了协变量后，酒精+大麻组和三重使用组的个体相对于仅饮酒组的折扣率更陡峭。此外，三重使用和延迟折扣率与更多的 AUD 症状独立相关。
报告大麻使用的亚组的折扣率显著更高，这为附加效应提供了部分支持，同时也强调了共用药物类型的重要性。三重使用和延迟折扣都与更大的 AUD 严重程度相关，这可能为相关干预提供了目标。
