Berggren Ulf, Berglund Kristina, Fahlke Claudia, Aronsson Erik, Eriksson Matts, Balldin Jan
Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, P. O. Box 500, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 May-Jun;42(3):247-51. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agm028.
A high smoking prevalence has been reported in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals. It has also been suggested that alcohol-dependent individuals who smoke may have a more severe course and greater severity of their alcoholism.
This study evaluated the impact of tobacco use in 108 Swedish male type 1 alcohol-dependent individuals, recruited by advertisement in a local daily newspaper. They were sub-grouped into smokers (N = 50), snuffers (N = 12) and tobacco nonusers (N = 46). The number of criteria for the diagnosis of alcohol dependence was used to assess the severity of alcohol dependence.
The smokers were significantly younger compared to the tobacco non-using group, and also younger at their onset of excessive alcohol consumption. Both smokers and snuffers fulfilled significantly more DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence than tobacco nonusers. Furthermore, significantly higher proportions of smokers and snuffers fulfilled the criteria no 2 (experiencing withdrawal syndrome) and no 7 (continuing to use alcohol despite problems).
These findings indicate that not only smoking, but also snuffing, is associated with greater severity of alcohol dependence, as reflected by the greater number of DSM-IV criteria.
在寻求治疗的酒精依赖个体中，吸烟率较高。也有研究表明，吸烟的酒精依赖个体可能病程更严重，酒精中毒程度更高。
本研究评估了吸烟对108名瑞典1型酒精依赖男性个体的影响，这些个体是通过在当地日报上刊登广告招募而来。他们被分为吸烟者（N = 50）、鼻烟使用者（N = 12）和非烟草使用者（N = 46）。用于诊断酒精依赖的标准数量被用来评估酒精依赖的严重程度。
与非烟草使用组相比，吸烟者明显更年轻，且开始过度饮酒时也更年轻。吸烟者和鼻烟使用者满足的酒精依赖DSM-IV标准显著多于非烟草使用者。此外，吸烟者和鼻烟使用者满足标准2（经历戒断综合征）和标准7（尽管有问题仍继续使用酒精）的比例显著更高。
这些发现表明，不仅吸烟，而且鼻烟使用也与更高的酒精依赖严重程度相关，这由更多的DSM-IV标准反映出来。
