Mace F C, Lalli J S
University of Pennsylvania.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1991 Fall;24(3):553-62. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-553.
Descriptive and experimental methods were used to analyze the environmental determinants of an adult's bizarre speech. A descriptive analysis of behavior under natural conditions indicated that bizarre vocalizations occurred most often in the presence of task-related demands and in the absence of adult attention. Further, bizarre speech occurring during tasks was followed frequently by the cessation of task demands by staff or the subject's voluntary disengagement from task-related activities; bizarre speech observed during noninteractional periods (i.e., in the absence of adult attention) was frequently followed by staff attention. The escape and attention hypotheses were tested under analogue conditions. Results of the experimental analysis supported only the attention hypothesis; that is, bizarre speech appeared to function as an attention-producing behavior. The functional analysis data were used to select two different yet functionally equivalent treatments. The first treatment provided the subject with noncontingent scheduled attention. The second intervention taught the subject social language skills in the form of initiation and expansion statements. Both interventions were effective in suppressing maladapted speech. Advantages of linking descriptive and experimental analyses are discussed.
采用描述性和实验性方法分析成人怪异言语的环境决定因素。对自然条件下行为的描述性分析表明，怪异发声最常出现在与任务相关的要求出现且成人未给予关注的情况下。此外，任务期间出现的怪异言语之后，工作人员常常会停止任务要求，或者受试者会主动脱离与任务相关的活动；在非互动期间（即成人未给予关注时）观察到的怪异言语之后，工作人员常常会给予关注。在模拟条件下对逃避和关注假设进行了检验。实验分析结果仅支持关注假设；也就是说，怪异言语似乎起到了引起他人关注的行为作用。功能分析数据被用于选择两种不同但功能等效的治疗方法。第一种治疗方法为受试者提供非偶然性的定时关注。第二种干预措施以发起和扩展陈述的形式教授受试者社交语言技能。两种干预措施均有效抑制了适应不良言语。文中讨论了将描述性分析与实验性分析相结合的优点。
