Thomas Gwendolyn A, Kraemer William J, Spiering Barry A, Volek Jeff S, Anderson Jeffrey M, Maresh Carl M
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):336-42. doi: 10.1519/R-55001.1.
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes were tested to determine the load at which maximal mechanical output is achieved. Athletes performed power testing at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% of individual 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat jump, bench press, and hang pull exercises. Additionally, hang pull power testing was performed using free-form (i.e., barbell) and fixed-form (i.e., Smith machine) techniques. There were differences between genders in optimal power output during the squat jump (30-40% of 1RM for men; 30-50% of 1RM for women) and bench throw (30% of 1RM for men; 30-50% of 1RM for women) exercises. There were no gender or form interactions during the hang pull exercise; maximal power output during the hang pull occurred at 30-60% of 1RM. In conclusion, these results indicate that (a) gender differences exist in the load at which maximal power output occurs during the squat jump and bench throw; and (b) although no gender or form interactions occurred during the hang pull exercise, greater power could be generated during fixed-form exercise. In general, 30% of 1RM will elicit peak power outputs for both genders and all exercises used in this study, allowing this standard percentage to be used as a starting point in order to train maximal mechanical power output capabilities in these lifts in strength trained athletes.
对美国大学体育协会第一分区的运动员进行了测试，以确定达到最大机械输出时的负荷。运动员在深蹲跳、卧推和悬垂提拉练习中，以个人一次重复最大值（1RM）的30%、40%、50%、60%和70%进行功率测试。此外，悬垂提拉功率测试采用自由形式（即杠铃）和固定形式（即史密斯机）技术进行。在深蹲跳（男性为1RM的30%-40%；女性为1RM的30%-50%）和卧推投掷（男性为1RM的30%；女性为1RM的30%-50%）练习中，最佳功率输出存在性别差异。在悬垂提拉练习中不存在性别或形式的相互作用；悬垂提拉时的最大功率输出出现在1RM的30%-60%。总之，这些结果表明：（a）在深蹲跳和卧推投掷中，达到最大功率输出时的负荷存在性别差异；（b）尽管在悬垂提拉练习中不存在性别或形式的相互作用，但在固定形式练习中可以产生更大的功率。一般来说，1RM的30%将使本研究中使用的所有练习和两种性别的运动员都能产生峰值功率输出，因此可以将这个标准百分比作为一个起点，以便在力量训练的运动员中训练这些举重动作的最大机械功率输出能力。
