Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C. de Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 10;20(6):4888. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20064888.
Injuries are common in team sports and can impact both team and individual performance. In particular, hamstring strain injuries are some of the most common injuries. Furthermore, hamstring injury ratios, in number of injuries and total absence days, have doubled in the last 21 seasons in professional soccer. Weakness in hip extensor strength has been identified as a risk factor in elite-level sprinters. In addition, strength imbalances of the hamstring muscle group seem to be a common cause of hamstring strain injuries. In this regard, velocity-based training has been proposed to analyze deficits in the force-velocity profile. Previous studies have shown differences between men and women, since there are biomechanical and neuromuscular differences in the lower limbs between sexes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the load-velocity profile between males and females during two of the most important hip extension exercises: the hip thrust and the deadlift. Sixteen men and sixteen women were measured in an incremental loading test following standard procedures for the hip thrust and deadlift exercises. Pearson's correlation () was used to measure the strength of the correlation between movement velocity and load (%1RM). The differences in the load-velocity relationship between the men and the women were assessed using a 2 (sex) × 15 (load) repeated-measures ANOVA. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear in both exercises ( range: 0.88-0.94), (II) men showed higher velocities for light loads (30-50%1RM; effect size: 0.9-0.96) than women for the deadlift, but no significant differences were found for the hip thrust. Based on the results of this study, the load-velocity equations seem to be sex-specific. Therefore, we suggest that using sex-specific equations to analyze deficits in the force-velocity profile would be more effective to control intensity in the deadlift exercise.
在团队运动中，损伤很常见，会影响团队和个人的表现。特别是，腘绳肌拉伤是最常见的损伤之一。此外，在过去的 21 个赛季中，职业足球的腘绳肌拉伤比率（受伤人数和总缺阵天数）翻了一番。髋关节伸肌力量不足已被确定为精英短跑运动员的一个风险因素。此外，腘绳肌肌群的力量失衡似乎是腘绳肌拉伤的常见原因。在这方面，基于速度的训练已被提出用于分析力量-速度曲线下的缺陷。先前的研究表明，男性和女性之间存在差异，因为性别之间下肢的生物力学和神经肌肉存在差异。因此，本研究的目的是比较男性和女性在两个最重要的髋关节伸展运动：髋关节推举和硬拉中的负荷-速度曲线。按照髋关节推举和硬拉运动的标准程序，对 16 名男性和 16 名女性进行了递增负荷测试。使用 Pearson 相关系数（）来衡量运动速度和负荷（1RM 的百分比）之间的相关性强度。使用 2（性别）×15（负荷）重复测量 ANOVA 评估男性和女性之间的负荷-速度关系差异。主要发现表明：（I）两种运动中的负荷-速度关系始终很强且呈线性（范围：0.88-0.94），（II）男性在硬拉时的轻负荷（30-50%1RM；效应量：0.9-0.96）下的速度高于女性，但在髋关节推举时没有发现显著差异。基于这项研究的结果，负荷-速度方程似乎是性别特异性的。因此，我们建议使用性别特异性方程来分析力量-速度曲线下的缺陷，以更有效地控制硬拉运动的强度。
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