Prior Ronald L, Gu Liwei, Wu Xianli, Jacob Robert A, Sotoudeh Gity, Kader Adel A, Cook Richard A
USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Apr;26(2):170-81. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719599.
Determine 1) if consumption of a meal of different fruits or berries increases plasma hydrophilic (H-) or lipophilic (L-) antioxidant capacity (AOC) measured as Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC(FL)); 2) if including macronutrients in the meal alters postprandial changes in AOC; and 3) if preliminary recommendations can be developed for antioxidant intake.
Changes in plasma AOC following consumption of a single meal of berries/fruits (blueberry, dried plum, dried plum juice, grape, cherry, kiwifruit and strawberry) were studied in 5 clinical trials with 6-10 subjects per experiment. In two studies with blueberry or grape, additional macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein) were included in the control and treatment meals. Blood samples collected before and after the meal were analyzed for AOC.
Consumption of dried plums or dried plum juice did not alter either the H- or L-AOC area under the curve (AUC). Consumption of blueberry in 2 studies and of mixed grape powder [12.5 (Study #1), 39.9 (Study #4) and 8.6 (Study #5) mmole Trolox Equivalents (TE) AOC, respectively] increased hydrophilic AOC AUC. L-AOC increased following a meal of blueberry containing 12.5 mmole TE AOC (Study #1). Consumption of 280 g of cherries (4.5 mmol TE AOC) increased plasma L-AOC but not H-AOC. The AOC in the control groups in which additional macronutrients (Studies #4 and #5) were added decreased from the postprandial baseline AOC measurement.
We have demonstrated that consumption of certain berries and fruits such as blueberries, mixed grape and kiwifruit, was associated with increased plasma AOC in the postprandial state and consumption of an energy source of macronutrients containing no antioxidants was associated with a decline in plasma AOC. However, without further long term clinical studies, one cannot necessarily translate increased plasma AOC into a potential decreased risk of chronic degenerative disease. Preliminary estimates of antioxidant needs based upon energy intake were developed. Consumption of high antioxidant foods with each meal is recommended in order to prevent periods of postprandial oxidative stress.
确定1）食用不同水果或浆果组成的一餐是否会增加血浆亲水性（H-）或亲脂性（L-）抗氧化能力（AOC），以氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC(FL)）衡量；2）餐食中包含大量营养素是否会改变餐后AOC的变化；3）是否可以制定抗氧化剂摄入量的初步建议。
在5项临床试验中研究了食用单一餐食的浆果/水果（蓝莓、西梅干、西梅汁、葡萄、樱桃、奇异果和草莓）后血浆AOC的变化，每项实验有6至10名受试者。在两项关于蓝莓或葡萄的研究中，对照餐和治疗餐中添加了额外的大量营养素（碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质）。分析用餐前后采集的血样的AOC。
食用西梅干或西梅汁未改变曲线下H-或L-AOC面积（AUC）。在2项研究中食用蓝莓以及食用混合葡萄粉[分别为12.5（研究#1）、39.9（研究#4）和8.6（研究#5）毫摩尔Trolox当量（TE）AOC]增加了亲水性AOC AUC。食用含有12.5毫摩尔TE AOC的蓝莓餐（研究#1）后L-AOC增加。食用280克樱桃（4.5毫摩尔TE AOC）增加了血浆L-AOC，但未增加H-AOC。添加了额外大量营养素的对照组（研究#4和#5）的AOC从餐后基线AOC测量值下降。
我们已经证明，食用某些浆果和水果，如蓝莓、混合葡萄和奇异果，与餐后血浆AOC增加有关，而食用不含抗氧化剂的大量营养素能量来源与血浆AOC下降有关。然而，在没有进一步长期临床研究的情况下，不一定能将血浆AOC增加转化为慢性退行性疾病潜在风险的降低。基于能量摄入制定了抗氧化剂需求的初步估计。建议每餐食用高抗氧化剂食物，以防止餐后氧化应激期。
