Doshi Reeti, Braida Washington, Christodoulatos Christos, Wazne Mahmoud, O'Connor Gregory
Center for Environmental System, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
Environ Res. 2008 Mar;106(3):296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 May 29.
Nano-aluminum is being used in increasing quantities as energetic material. This research addresses the transport of two types of nanosized aluminum particles (with aluminum oxide, or carboxylate ligand coating, Alex and L-Alex, respectively) through sand columns along with associated environmental impacts on soil systems. Surface phenomena and pH are variables controlling the transport of nano-aluminum particles through porous media. pH environment controls solubility and electrostatic interactions between nano-aluminum particles and porous media. (i.e., changes in point of zero charge, agglomeration, etc.). Concentrations (up to 17 mg/L) far greater than the World Health Organization guideline for Al in drinking water (0.2 mg/L) were measured in columns' leachates. Plant uptake studies, mineralization of radiolabeled glucose test and Microtox test were used to investigate the environmental impacts of nano-aluminum on soil communities and plants. It appears that the presence of nano-aluminum particles did not have an adverse effect on the growth of California red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and rye grass (Lolium perenne) plants in the concentration range tested. California red beans did not show uptake of aluminum, while the situation was different for rye grass where a 2.5-fold increase in Al concentration in the leaves was observed as compared with control tests. Nano-aluminum particles in suspension do not appear to have an impact on the metabolic activity of Vibrio fischeri. However, when the nano-aluminum particles were amended to the soil, Alex aluminum resulted in a 50% reduction of light output at concentrations below 5000 mg/L soil suspension concentration while L-Alex showed a similar effect at around 17,500 mg/L and the control soil at 37,500 mg/L. Soil respiration studies show that there are not statistical differences between the time and sizes of peaks in CO(2) production and the total mineralization of glucose.
纳米铝作为含能材料的使用量正在不断增加。本研究探讨了两种纳米尺寸的铝颗粒（分别包覆有氧化铝或羧酸盐配体，即Alex和L - Alex）在砂柱中的迁移情况，以及对土壤系统的相关环境影响。表面现象和pH值是控制纳米铝颗粒在多孔介质中迁移的变量。pH环境控制着纳米铝颗粒与多孔介质之间的溶解度和静电相互作用（即零电荷点的变化、团聚等）。在柱渗滤液中测得的浓度（高达17毫克/升）远高于世界卫生组织规定的饮用水中铝的指导值（0.2毫克/升）。通过植物吸收研究、放射性标记葡萄糖测试的矿化作用和Microtox测试来研究纳米铝对土壤群落和植物的环境影响。在所测试的浓度范围内，纳米铝颗粒的存在似乎对加州红芸豆（菜豆）和黑麦草（黑麦草）的生长没有不利影响。加州红豆没有表现出对铝的吸收，而黑麦草的情况则不同，与对照试验相比，其叶片中的铝浓度增加了2.5倍。悬浮液中的纳米铝颗粒似乎对费氏弧菌的代谢活性没有影响。然而，当将纳米铝颗粒添加到土壤中时，在土壤悬浮液浓度低于5000毫克/升时，Alex铝导致发光输出降低50%，而L - Alex在约17500毫克/升时表现出类似效果，对照土壤在37500毫克/升时才出现这种效果。土壤呼吸研究表明，二氧化碳产生峰值的时间和大小以及葡萄糖的总矿化作用之间没有统计学差异。
