Johansson Eva E, Hamberg Katarina
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden.
Med Teach. 2007 Feb;29(1):e1-8. doi: 10.1080/01421590601044992.
All over the world an increasing number of women are entering medical schools. Soon women will constitute half of the physician workforce in Scandinavia. However, specialty segregation persists. Reports have shown different motives among male and female doctors to be, but the impact of gender, i.e. how ongoing social constructions of femininity and masculinity influence the development of professionalism, is not fully described.
The purpose of this study was to explore views and visions among second-year students at a Swedish Medical School, and to identify challenges for education and workforce planning.
After receiving research ethics board approval, all students participating in the course 'Professional development', including a task to write a free-text essay on the theme 'to be a doctor', were invited to share their essays for analysis. Of 138 (40% men) students in 2002, 104 (39% men) accepted. The texts were analysed according to grounded theory.
Students held 'doctorship' to be an outstanding profession of commitment, authority and duty. Fears were exposed, especially among women, regarding how to fit demands of self-sacrifices and balancing a private life. Belonging to a new generation, they conceived gender equity as self-evident. Actual working conditions were met with disapproval, as did an all-embracing calling. A scheduled vocation was hoped for. They relied on the mass of women to implement change. Women's 'other' values, alluding to family orientation, were expected to alter working conditions and also give men more leisure time. Despite equity conviction, segregating gender patterns in students' representations, interactions with tutors and future prospects were disclosed.
Students' arguments raise challenges for medical educators and planners regarding professional values, medical socialization and specialty recruitment. The new generation requires a renewed Hippocratic Oath, gender-aware role models and practice sites. Swedish students' arguments are compared with current international literature.
在世界各地，越来越多的女性进入医学院。很快，女性将占斯堪的纳维亚半岛医生劳动力的一半。然而，专业隔离现象依然存在。报告显示，男女医生的动机各不相同，但性别影响，即当下女性气质和男性气质的社会建构如何影响职业精神的发展，尚未得到充分描述。
本研究旨在探讨瑞典一所医学院二年级学生的观点和愿景，并确定教育和劳动力规划面临的挑战。
在获得研究伦理委员会批准后，所有参加“职业发展”课程的学生，包括一项以“成为一名医生”为主题撰写自由文本论文的任务，被邀请分享他们的论文以供分析。2002年的138名学生（40%为男性）中，104名（39%为男性）接受了邀请。根据扎根理论对文本进行分析。
学生们认为“医生职业”是一个杰出的、需要奉献、权威和责任的职业。人们表达了担忧，尤其是女性，担心如何满足自我牺牲的要求以及平衡私人生活。作为新一代，他们认为性别平等是不言而喻的。他们不赞成实际的工作条件，也不赞成一种包罗万象的使命感。他们希望有一个既定的职业。他们依靠大量女性来推动变革。女性的“其他”价值观，即暗示以家庭为导向的价值观，有望改变工作条件，也能给男性更多休闲时间。尽管有平等信念，但在学生的表现、与导师的互动和未来前景中仍存在性别隔离模式。
学生的观点给医学教育工作者和规划者在职业价值观、医学社会化和专业招募方面带来了挑战。新一代需要更新的希波克拉底誓言、有性别意识的榜样和实习场所。将瑞典学生的观点与当前国际文献进行了比较。
