Drinkwater Jess, Tully Mary Patricia, Dornan Tim
Manchester Medical School Education Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Med Educ. 2008 Apr;42(4):420-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03031.x.
This study aimed to explore the effect of gender on medical students' aspirations.
The study design included purposive sampling and interim data interpretation to guide recruitment of medical students with a wide spectrum of opinions. Data were collected through audio-recorded, semi-structured, in-depth exploratory interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. Qualitative analysis was carried out by a female medical student researcher. Her evolving interpretation was constantly compared against the original data by male (doctor) and female (pharmacist) staff researchers in a systematic search for internal corroboration or disconfirmation. Causal associations consistently present in the data are reported.
Six male and six female medical students in Years 3 and 4 shared a wish to achieve a work-life balance that allowed them to devote time to bringing up children while contributing usefully to society as doctors. However, women were readier to compromise professional attainment within their personal work-life balances. Their readiness derived from gendered stereotypes of women's social and professional roles, a lack of female professional role models, womens' greater awareness of the tensions between career and family, various other informal social influences, and a lack of positive career advice to counterbalance these influences.
Better career advice and more flexible work opportunities are needed if the two-thirds of medical students who are women are to contribute specialist as well as generalist expertise to the medical workforce.
本研究旨在探讨性别对医学生职业抱负的影响。
研究设计包括目的抽样和中期数据解读，以指导招募具有广泛意见的医学生。通过录音的半结构化深度探索性访谈收集数据，并逐字转录。由一名女医学生研究员进行定性分析。在系统寻找内部确证或反证的过程中，她不断演变的解读会与男性（医生）和女性（药剂师）工作人员研究员的原始数据进行比较。报告数据中始终存在的因果关联。
6名三年级和四年级的男医学生和6名女医学生都希望实现工作与生活的平衡，使他们能够在作为医生为社会做出有益贡献的同时，有时间抚养孩子。然而，女性更愿意在个人工作与生活的平衡中牺牲职业成就。她们的这种意愿源于对女性社会和职业角色的性别刻板印象、缺乏女性职业榜样、女性对职业与家庭之间紧张关系的更深刻认识、各种其他非正式社会影响，以及缺乏积极的职业建议来抵消这些影响。
如果三分之二的女医学生要为医疗队伍贡献专科和全科专业知识，就需要更好的职业建议和更灵活的工作机会。
