Hovbrandt Pia, Fridlund Bengt, Carlsson Gunilla
Department of Health Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, Lund University, Sweden.
Scand J Occup Ther. 2007 Jun;14(2):77-85. doi: 10.1080/11038120600773013.
To support occupations outside the home for older people with functional limitations it is important to understand how the person, environment, and occupations influence performance. Therefore the purpose of this study was to describe how very old people experience occupational performance outside the home. Twenty-one single-living, very old persons, above 80 years, were strategically selected and interviewed. A phenomenographic approach was used for this study and the interviews were analyzed using contextual analysis. The findings showed a variation in the experience of occupational performance described in three referential aspects: keeping on doing as before, drawing on available resources, and living in constrained circumstances. Referring to everyday occupations the participants described how they continued to do what they had done before, but decline in functional capacity made it more difficult to overcome environmental barriers. They also described how they sometimes could put functional limitations aside and use their utmost capacity to reach their goals. When they could not do that any more, they had to find possibilities for occupations close to home. In order to support very old people's occupational performance outside the home, outdoor mobility has to be facilitated, including the design of the physical environment as well as possibilities for social interaction.
为了支持有功能限制的老年人从事家庭以外的活动，了解个人、环境和活动如何影响表现非常重要。因此，本研究的目的是描述高龄老人如何体验家庭以外的职业表现。我们从80岁以上的老人中策略性地挑选了21位独居老人进行访谈。本研究采用现象学方法，并用情境分析法对访谈进行分析。研究结果显示，职业表现体验在三个参考方面存在差异：一如既往地坚持、利用现有资源以及在受限环境中生活。谈及日常活动，参与者描述了他们如何继续做以前做过的事情，但功能能力的下降使克服环境障碍变得更加困难。他们还描述了有时如何能够抛开功能限制，尽最大能力实现目标。当他们再也做不到这一点时，就不得不寻找离家近的活动机会。为了支持高龄老人在家庭以外的职业表现，必须促进户外出行，包括物理环境的设计以及社交互动的可能性。
