Hovbrandt Pia, Ståhl Agneta, Iwarsson Susanne, Horstmann Vibeke, Carlsson Gunilla
Department of Health Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy and Gerontology, Lund University, Box 157, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Department of Technology and Society, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Eur J Ageing. 2007 Nov 3;4(4):201. doi: 10.1007/s10433-007-0064-2. eCollection 2007 Dec.
Due to decreased functional capacity as well as high environmental demands there is a risk of diminishing activity outside home in very old age (age 80+). In order to explore differences according to functional limitations (FL) among very old people with respect to frequency of activity, perceived health, overall perception of neighbourhood environment, and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment, data derived from a postal questionnaire survey to very old people living in an urban area in Sweden were used. This explorative study is based on the sub-sample of people aged 80+ who reported outdoor activities ( = 97). Four groups of respondents with different types of FL were identified: with no FL ( = 23), with only movement-related FL ( = 26), with only perception/cognition-related FL ( = 16), and with both movement- and perception/ cognition-related FL ( = 32). The majority of the respondents reported rather high frequency of activity outside home. When examining differences between the four groups, the analysis indicated how the complexity of FL and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment impacted on their activity performance. Persons with both movement- and perception/cognition-related FL were less satisfied with their frequency of activity, experienced their health more negatively and experienced more problems in the pedestrian environment than in the other groups. The findings from this study indicate the importance of considering combinations of FL in creating supportive environments for activity and health.
由于功能能力下降以及环境要求较高，高龄老人（80岁及以上）外出活动存在减少的风险。为了探讨高龄老人中功能受限（FL）在活动频率、自我感知健康、对邻里环境的总体认知以及行人环境中感知到的问题方面的差异，我们使用了对瑞典城市地区高龄老人进行邮政问卷调查所得的数据。这项探索性研究基于80岁及以上报告有户外活动的人群子样本（n = 97）。确定了四组具有不同类型功能受限的受访者：无功能受限组（n = 23）、仅与运动相关的功能受限组（n = 26）、仅与感知/认知相关的功能受限组（n = 16）以及与运动和感知/认知相关的功能受限组（n = 32）。大多数受访者报告称在家外活动的频率较高。在研究这四组之间的差异时，分析表明功能受限的复杂性以及行人环境中感知到的问题如何影响他们的活动表现。与运动和感知/认知相关的功能受限组的人对其活动频率的满意度较低，对自身健康的感受更负面，并且在行人环境中比其他组遇到更多问题。这项研究的结果表明，在为活动和健康创造支持性环境时，考虑功能受限的组合非常重要。
