Myllynen Päivi, Pasanen Markku, Vähäkangas Kirsi
Researcher, University of Oulu, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2007 Jun;3(3):331-46. doi: 10.1517/17425255.3.3.331.
During past decades, knowledge on placental drug metabolism and mechanisms of placental transfer has increased significantly. Most pharmaceutical drugs administered during pregnancy cross the placenta to some extent. The important properties determining the placental transfer by passive diffusion are molecular weight, pK(a), lipid solubility and protein binding. In addition to passive diffusion, compounds may cross the placenta via active transfer, facilitated diffusion, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. This review gives an update of efflux transporter proteins and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that modify the fate and effects of drugs in the placenta.
在过去几十年里，关于胎盘药物代谢和胎盘转运机制的知识有了显著增加。孕期使用的大多数药物都会在一定程度上穿过胎盘。决定药物通过被动扩散进行胎盘转运的重要特性包括分子量、pK(a)、脂溶性和蛋白结合率。除了被动扩散外，化合物还可通过主动转运、易化扩散、吞噬作用和胞饮作用穿过胎盘。本文综述了外排转运蛋白和异生物质代谢酶的最新情况，这些蛋白和酶会改变药物在胎盘中的转归和效应。
