Kelley Frances J, Kopac Catharine A, Rosselli John
Family Nurse Practitioner Program, Georgetown University School of Nursing & Health Studies, Washington, DC 20057-1107, USA.
J Prof Nurs. 2007 May-Jun;23(3):137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2006.12.005.
The increase in advanced practice graduate programs and the inclusion of content and skills related to advanced health assessment as a core competency for practice served as the impetus for a 5-year follow-up study to track the changes, methodologies, and integration of technology into practitioner programs. The questionnaire was mailed to the faculty/schools listed as current members in the National Health Service Corps Nurse Practitioner Faculty Advocate Network. The number of responding schools was 135 (44%). The family nurse practitioner program continues to be the most offered advanced practice nursing program. Nearly all institutions offer a post-master's program and an advanced health assessment course to their clinical graduate students. Health assessment is usually taught concurrently or as a prerequisite for clinical experiences; there continues to be a strong emphasis on the physical examination component. Ethnic and cultural assessment and gerontological assessment content increased since the original study. Both class and laboratory class sizes decreased. Qualitative data that centered on differences in graduate versus undergraduate health assessment revealed a shift in focus in several areas: differential diagnoses, abnormals, and the inclusion of advanced skills. There was an emergence of more creative strategies: the use of standardized patients, online coursework, videotaping, "live" patients, and simulations.
高级实践研究生项目的增加以及将与高级健康评估相关的内容和技能纳入实践核心能力，推动了一项为期5年的随访研究，以追踪技术在从业者项目中的变化、方法和整合情况。调查问卷被邮寄给了作为国家卫生服务团执业护士教师倡导网络现任成员列出的教师/学校。回复学校的数量为135所（44%）。家庭执业护士项目仍然是提供最多的高级实践护理项目。几乎所有机构都为其临床研究生提供硕士后项目和高级健康评估课程。健康评估通常与临床经验同时教授或作为临床经验的先决条件；体格检查部分仍然受到高度重视。自最初的研究以来，种族和文化评估以及老年医学评估内容有所增加。课堂和实验课的规模都有所减小。以研究生与本科生健康评估差异为中心的定性数据显示，在几个方面重点发生了转变：鉴别诊断、异常情况以及高级技能的纳入。出现了更多创新策略：使用标准化病人、在线课程作业、录像、“真实”病人和模拟。
