Ogilvie David, Foster Charles E, Rothnie Helen, Cavill Nick, Hamilton Val, Fitzsimons Claire F, Mutrie Nanette
Medical Research Council Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow G12 8RZ.
BMJ. 2007 Jun 9;334(7605):1204. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39198.722720.BE. Epub 2007 May 31.
To assess the effects of interventions to promote walking in individuals and populations.
Systematic review.
Published and unpublished reports in any language identified by searching 25 electronic databases, by searching websites, reference lists, and existing systematic reviews, and by contacting experts.
Systematic search for and appraisal of controlled before and after studies of the effects of any type of intervention on how much people walk, the distribution of effects on walking between social groups, and any associated effects on overall physical activity, fitness, risk factors for disease, health, and wellbeing.
We included 19 randomised controlled trials and 29 non-randomised controlled studies. Interventions tailored to people's needs, targeted at the most sedentary or at those most motivated to change, and delivered either at the level of the individual (brief advice, supported use of pedometers, telecommunications) or household (individualised marketing) or through groups, can encourage people to walk more, although the sustainability, generalisability, and clinical benefits of many of these approaches are uncertain. Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions applied to workplaces, schools, communities, or areas typically depends on isolated studies or subgroup analysis.
The most successful interventions could increase walking among targeted participants by up to 30-60 minutes a week on average, at least in the short term. From a perspective of improving population health, much of the research currently provides evidence of efficacy rather than effectiveness. Nevertheless, interventions to promote walking could contribute substantially towards increasing the activity levels of the most sedentary.
评估促进个体和人群步行的干预措施的效果。
系统评价。
通过检索25个电子数据库、搜索网站、参考文献列表及现有系统评价，并联系专家，识别出的任何语言的已发表和未发表报告。
系统检索和评估各类干预措施对人们步行量影响的前后对照研究、不同社会群体间步行效果的分布情况，以及对总体身体活动、健康状况、疾病风险因素、健康和幸福感的任何相关影响。
我们纳入了19项随机对照试验和29项非随机对照研究。根据人们需求量身定制、针对久坐不动人群或最有改变意愿人群、在个体层面（简短建议、支持使用计步器、电信手段）、家庭层面（个性化营销）或通过群体实施的干预措施，可鼓励人们增加步行量，尽管其中许多方法的可持续性、普遍性和临床益处尚不确定。应用于工作场所、学校、社区或特定区域的干预措施有效性的证据通常依赖于孤立的研究或亚组分析。
最成功的干预措施平均每周可使目标参与者的步行量增加30 - 60分钟，至少在短期内如此。从改善人群健康的角度来看，目前许多研究提供的是疗效证据而非效果证据。然而，促进步行的干预措施可极大地有助于提高久坐不动人群的活动水平。
