Monyeki M Andries, Koppes Lando L J, Monyeki K Dan, Kemper Han C G, Twisk Jos W R
School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Am J Hum Biol. 2007 Jul-Aug;19(4):551-8. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20616.
The objective of this study was to investigate the development and tracking of nutritional status, body composition and physical fitness, and the longitudinal relationship of changes in nutritional status, and body composition with changes in physical fitness over a 1-year period of follow-up. Studied were 380 boys and 322 girls aged 7-14 years from the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Boys and girls were divided into two groups of pre-adolescence (<11 years) and adolescence (>10 years). High tracking coefficients (>8) were found for nutritional status, body mass index, and fat-free mass, while low tracking coefficients (<4) were found for the sum of skinfolds, fat mass, arm muscle area, and central fat distribution. Moderate and low tracking coefficients were found for the physical fitness items. Longitudinal regression analyses showed that physical fitness performances that require a high energy flux over a short period of time are affected by muscle wasting, whereas having a low body weight appears to be important for a good performance on other fitness items in these malnourished rural South African children.
本研究的目的是调查营养状况、身体成分和身体素质的发展及跟踪情况，以及在为期1年的随访期间，营养状况和身体成分变化与身体素质变化之间的纵向关系。研究对象为来自埃利斯拉斯纵向研究的380名7至14岁的男孩和322名女孩。男孩和女孩被分为青春期前（<11岁）和青春期（>10岁）两组。研究发现，营养状况、体重指数和去脂体重的跟踪系数较高（>8），而皮褶厚度总和、脂肪量、手臂肌肉面积和中心脂肪分布的跟踪系数较低（<4）。身体素质项目的跟踪系数为中等和低等。纵向回归分析表明，在这些营养不良的南非农村儿童中，短期内需要高能量通量的身体素质表现受肌肉消耗的影响，而体重较低似乎对其他身体素质项目的良好表现很重要。
