Han Young-Seok, Brown Murray T, Park Gyoung Soo, Han Taejun
Institute of Green Technology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402-749, Korea.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 May 15;41(10):3667-71. doi: 10.1021/es062158a.
A novel bioassaythat uses visual inspection of reproduction of the aquatic green macroalga Ulva has been developed for testing toxic chemicals. The method employs a technique to quantify percentage reproduction based on thallus color change during the progression of reproduction. The validity of visual inspection as a reliable method was supported by a high test score (80.4) from a test of the ability of 97 first year university students with no biology background to evaluate reproduction by visual observation after 30 min training. The sensitivity of the method was assessed using a reference toxicant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS; EC50 = 7.1 mg x L(-1)), heavy metals Cu (0.063 mg x L(-1)), Cd (0.217 mg x L(-1, Pb (0.840 mg x L(-1)), Zn (0.966 mg x L(-1)), formalin (1.458 mg x L(-1)), diesel fuel (3.7 mL x L(-1)), and is shown to be similar or better than more established aquatic toxicity bioassays. Toxicity data obtained by the Ulva bioassay for elutriates of sludge collected from nine different locations were directly compared with the commercially available Microtox test. Ulva reproduction was significantly inhibited in all elutriates with the greatest and least toxic effects, estimated by toxicity units (TU) observed in elutriates from industrial waste (13.1 TU) and a filtration bed (4.8 TU), whereas values ranging from 1 to 4.5 TU were obtained from the Microtox test, confirming that the Ulva bioassay is more sensitive. Correlation analyses for EC50 data versus the concentrations of toxicants in the sludge indicated a significant relationship between toxicity and four heavy meals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) for the Ulva bioassay but no such correlation was detected by the Microtox test. The new bioassay method is simple to use, easy to interpret, economical, and eco-relevant so would be a valuable addition to aquatic toxicity testing protocols for a wide range of toxicants. Moreover, since Ulva has a wide geographical distribution and species have similar reproductive processes, the test method has worldwide application.
已开发出一种新型生物测定法，该方法通过目视检查水生绿色大型海藻石莼的繁殖情况来测试有毒化学品。该方法采用一种技术，根据繁殖过程中藻体颜色变化来量化繁殖百分比。97名没有生物学背景的大学一年级学生在经过30分钟培训后，通过目视观察评估繁殖情况的测试中获得了较高的测试分数（80.4），这支持了目视检查作为一种可靠方法的有效性。使用参考毒物（十二烷基硫酸钠；SDS；EC50 = 7.1 mg·L⁻¹）、重金属铜（0.063 mg·L⁻¹）、镉（0.217 mg·L⁻¹）、铅（0.840 mg·L⁻¹）、锌（0.966 mg·L⁻¹）、福尔马林（1.458 mg·L⁻¹）、柴油（3.7 mL·L⁻¹）评估了该方法的灵敏度，结果表明其灵敏度与更成熟的水生毒性生物测定法相似或更高。将通过石莼生物测定法获得的来自九个不同地点的污泥浸出液的毒性数据与市售的Microtox测试直接进行比较。在所有浸出液中，石莼的繁殖均受到显著抑制，其中工业废料浸出液（13.1毒性单位）和过滤床浸出液（4.8毒性单位）的毒性效应最大和最小，而Microtox测试得到的值在1至4.5毒性单位之间，这证实了石莼生物测定法更灵敏。对EC50数据与污泥中有毒物质浓度的相关性分析表明，石莼生物测定法中，毒性与四种重金属（镉、铜、铅、锌）之间存在显著关系，但Microtox测试未检测到这种相关性。这种新的生物测定方法使用简单、易于解释、经济且与生态相关，因此将是广泛有毒物质水生毒性测试方案中的一项有价值的补充。此外，由于石莼具有广泛的地理分布且物种具有相似的繁殖过程，该测试方法具有全球适用性。
