Fischer Ute, McDonnell Lori, Orasanu Judith
School of Lit., Communication and Culture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 686 Cherry Street, Atlanta, GA 30332-0165, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007 May;78(5 Suppl):B86-95.
Approaches to mitigating the likelihood of psychosocial problems during space missions emphasize preflight measures such as team training and team composition. Additionally, it may be necessary to monitor team interactions during missions for signs of interpersonal stress. The present research was conducted to identify features in team members' communications indicative of team functioning.
Team interactions were studied in the context of six computer-simulated search and rescue missions. There were 12 teams of 4 U.S. men who participated; however, the present analyses contrast the top two teams with the two least successful teams. Communications between team members were analyzed using linguistic analysis software and a coding scheme developed to characterize task-related and social dimensions of team interactions. Coding reliability was established by having two raters independently code three transcripts. Between-rater agreement ranged from 78.1 to 97.9%.
Team performance was significantly associated with team members' task-related communications, specifically with the extent to which task-critical information was shared. Successful and unsuccessful teams also showed different interactive patterns, in particular concerning the frequencies of elaborations and no-responses. Moreover, task success was negatively correlated with variability in team members' word count, and positively correlated with the number of positive emotion words and the frequency of assenting relative to dissenting responses.
Analyses isolated certain task-related and social features of team communication related to team functioning. Team success was associated with the extent to which team members shared task-critical information, equally participated and built on each other's contributions, showed agreement, and positive affect.
减轻太空任务期间出现心理社会问题可能性的方法强调飞行前措施，如团队训练和团队构成。此外，在任务期间监测团队互动以寻找人际压力迹象可能也是必要的。本研究旨在确定团队成员沟通中与团队功能相关的特征。
在六个计算机模拟的搜救任务背景下研究团队互动。有12个由4名美国男性组成的团队参与；然而，本分析将排名前两位的团队与两个最不成功的团队进行对比。使用语言分析软件和为描述团队互动的任务相关和社会维度而开发的编码方案对团队成员之间的沟通进行分析。通过让两名评分者独立对三份成绩单进行编码来确定编码可靠性。评分者间的一致性范围为78.1%至97.9%。
团队绩效与团队成员与任务相关的沟通显著相关，特别是与关键任务信息的共享程度相关。成功和不成功的团队也表现出不同的互动模式，特别是在阐述和无回应的频率方面。此外，任务成功与团队成员字数的变异性呈负相关，与积极情绪词汇的数量以及赞同相对于反对回应的频率呈正相关。
分析分离出了与团队功能相关的团队沟通的某些任务相关和社会特征。团队成功与团队成员共享关键任务信息、平等参与并基于彼此贡献、达成一致以及表现出积极情绪的程度相关。
