Sekerina Irina A, Brooks Patricia J
Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2007 Sep;98(1):20-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Jun 8.
This study explores incremental processing in spoken word recognition in Russian 5- and 6-year-olds and adults using free-viewing eye-tracking. Participants viewed scenes containing pictures of four familiar objects and clicked on a target embedded in a spoken instruction. In the cohort condition, two object names shared identical three-phoneme onsets. In the noncohort condition, all object names had unique onsets. Coarse-grain analyses of eye movements indicated that adults produced looks to the competitor on significantly more cohort trials than on noncohort trials, whereas children surprisingly failed to demonstrate cohort competition due to widespread exploratory eye movements across conditions. Fine-grain analyses, in contrast, showed a similar time course of eye movements across children and adults, but with cohort competition lingering more than 1s longer in children. The dissociation between coarse-grain and fine-grain eye movements indicates a need to consider multiple behavioral measures in making developmental comparisons in language processing.
本研究运用自由观看眼动追踪技术，探究了俄罗斯5岁和6岁儿童以及成年人在口语单词识别中的增量加工。参与者观看包含四个熟悉物体图片的场景，并点击嵌入口语指令中的目标。在同群组条件下，两个物体名称共享相同的三音素词首。在非同群组条件下，所有物体名称都有独特的词首。对眼动的粗粒度分析表明，成年人在同群组试验中看向竞争者的次数显著多于非同群组试验，而儿童由于在不同条件下广泛的探索性眼动，令人惊讶地未能表现出同群组竞争。相比之下，细粒度分析显示儿童和成年人的眼动时间进程相似，但同群组竞争在儿童中持续的时间比成年人长1秒以上。粗粒度和细粒度眼动之间的分离表明，在进行语言加工的发展比较时，需要考虑多种行为测量方法。
