Roelofs Ardi
Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2008 Mar;34(2):353-68. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.2.353.
The flow of activation from concepts to phonological forms within the word production system was examined in 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, participants named pictures while ignoring superimposed distractor pictures that were semantically related, phonologically related, or unrelated. Eye movements and naming latencies were recorded. The distractor pictures affected the latencies of gaze shifting and vocal naming. The magnitude of the phonological effects increased linearly with latency, excluding lapses of attention as the cause of the effects. In Experiment 2, no distractor effects were obtained when both pictures were named. When pictures with superimposed distractor words were named or the words were read in Experiment 3, the words influenced the latencies of gaze shifting and picture naming, but the pictures yielded no such latency effects in word reading. The picture-word asymmetry was obtained even with equivalent reading and naming latencies. The picture-picture effects suggest that activation spreads continuously from concepts to phonological forms, whereas the picture-word asymmetry indicates that the amount of activation is limited and task dependent.
在3个实验中，对单词生成系统中从概念到语音形式的激活流进行了研究。在实验1中，参与者在忽略叠加的干扰图片的情况下为图片命名，这些干扰图片在语义上相关、语音上相关或不相关。记录了眼动和命名潜伏期。干扰图片影响了注视转移和语音命名的潜伏期。语音效应的大小随潜伏期呈线性增加，排除了注意力不集中是效应产生原因的可能性。在实验2中，当同时为两张图片命名时，未获得干扰效应。在实验3中，当为带有叠加干扰词的图片命名或阅读单词时，单词影响了注视转移和图片命名的潜伏期，但图片在单词阅读中未产生此类潜伏期效应。即使阅读和命名潜伏期相等，也会出现图片-单词不对称现象。图片-图片效应表明激活从概念持续传播到语音形式，而图片-单词不对称表明激活量是有限的且依赖于任务。
