Dunkle Kristin L, Jewkes Rachel, Nduna Mzikazi, Jama Nwabisa, Levin Jonathan, Sikweyiya Yandisa, Koss Mary P
Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2007 Sep;65(6):1235-48. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.029. Epub 2007 Jun 8.
We explored the prevalence and predictors of transactional sex with casual partners and main girlfriends among 1288 men aged 15-26 from 70 villages in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with young men enroling in the Stepping Stones HIV prevention trial. A total of 17.7% of participants reported giving material resources or money to casual sex partners and 6.6% received resources from a casual partner. Transactionally motivated relationships with main girlfriends were more balanced between giving (14.9%) and getting (14.3%). We constructed multivariable models to identify the predictors for giving and for getting material resources in casual and in main relationships. Each model resulted in remarkably similar predictors. All four types of exchange were associated with higher socio-economic status, more adverse childhood experiences, more lifetime sexual partners, and alcohol use. Men who were more resistant to peer pressure to have sex were less likely to report transactional sex with casual partners, and men who reported more equitable gender attitudes were less likely to report main partnerships underpinned by exchange. The most consistent predictors of all four types of transaction were perpetration of intimate partner violence and rape against women other than a main partner. The strong and consistent association between perpetration of gender-based violence and both giving and getting material goods from female partners suggests that transactional sex in both main and casual relationships should be viewed within a broader continuum of men's exercise of gendered power and control. HIV prevention interventions need to explicitly address transactional sex in the context of ideas about masculinity, which place a high emphasis on heterosexual success with, and control of, women.
我们对南非东开普省农村地区70个村庄的1288名年龄在15至26岁之间的男性与临时伴侣及主要女友之间进行性交易的普遍性及预测因素进行了探究。数据通过对参与“垫脚石”艾滋病毒预防试验的年轻男性进行面对面访谈收集。共有17.7%的参与者报告曾向临时性伴侣提供物质资源或金钱，6.6%的人从临时伴侣那里获得资源。与主要女友出于交易目的的关系在给予（14.9%）和获取（14.3%）方面更为平衡。我们构建了多变量模型，以确定在临时关系和主要关系中给予和获取物质资源的预测因素。每个模型得出的预测因素都非常相似。所有四种交换类型都与较高的社会经济地位、更多不良童年经历、更多终身性伴侣以及饮酒有关。对来自同伴的性行为压力更具抵抗力的男性报告与临时伴侣进行性交易的可能性较小，而报告性别态度更为平等的男性报告基于交换的主要伴侣关系的可能性较小。所有四种交易类型最一致的预测因素是对亲密伴侣的暴力行为以及对主要伴侣之外的其他女性的强奸行为。基于性别的暴力行为与从女性伴侣那里给予和获取物质物品之间存在强烈且一致的关联，这表明在主要关系和临时关系中的性交易都应在男性行使性别权力和控制的更广泛连续体背景下看待。艾滋病毒预防干预措施需要在强调男性气质观念的背景下明确解决性交易问题，这种观念高度重视在与女性的异性关系中取得成功并对其进行控制。
