Martin Eileen M, Nixon Heather, Pitrak David L, Weddington William, Rains Niles A, Nunnally Gerald, Grbesic Silvana, Gonzalez Raul, Jacobus Joanna, Bechara Antoine
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007 Jul;29(5):496-504. doi: 10.1080/13803390600800970.
The construct of "prospective memory" (PM) refers to a type of episodic memory for a future intention or "remembering what one must do." This function has been proposed as a candidate mechanism underlying behaviors of critical importance in HIV disease, including adherence with medication regimens and continued engagement in risk behavior. We administered tasks of time-based and event-based prospective memory and control tasks of retrospective and working memory to 31 HIV-seropositive and 35 HIV-seronegative substance-dependent individuals (SDIs). We found that compared with HIV- controls HIV+ participants showed deficits in time-based but not event-based PM. Retrospective, but not working, memory performance correlated significantly with time-based PM performance. In addition, performance on the time-based PM task was a significant predictor of scores on a self-report measure of risky sexual and injection practices. These preliminary data provide new and unique findings regarding the components of executive function mediated by prefrontal cortical systems that are impaired among HIV+ SDIs and their relevance to "real-world" behaviors.
“前瞻性记忆”（PM）这一概念指的是一种针对未来意图的情景记忆，即“记住自己必须做的事”。该功能被认为是艾滋病相关的至关重要行为背后的一种潜在机制，这些行为包括坚持药物治疗方案以及持续参与危险行为。我们对31名HIV血清阳性和35名HIV血清阴性的药物依赖个体（SDI）进行了基于时间和基于事件的前瞻性记忆任务以及回顾性和工作记忆的对照任务测试。我们发现，与HIV阴性对照相比，HIV阳性参与者在基于时间的前瞻性记忆方面存在缺陷，但在基于事件的前瞻性记忆方面没有。回顾性记忆（而非工作记忆）表现与基于时间的前瞻性记忆表现显著相关。此外，基于时间的前瞻性记忆任务的表现是危险性性行为和注射行为自我报告测量得分的重要预测指标。这些初步数据提供了关于前额叶皮层系统介导的执行功能成分的新的独特发现，这些成分在HIV阳性药物依赖个体中受损，以及它们与“现实世界”行为的相关性。
