Izard C E, Haynes O M, Chisholm G, Baak K
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
Child Dev. 1991 Oct;62(5):906-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01579.x.
The present study examined the assumption that emotion-related characteristics of mothers and infants contribute to the development of infant-mother attachment in the first year of life. Mothers' emotion and personality characteristics were assessed with expressive-behavior ratings and self-report scales. Infant characteristics were measured by emotion and temperament questionnaires (mother report) and objective coding of facial expressions of emotions. Attachment classifications were determined by means of the Strange Situation procedure, and a continuous-variable index of attachment security was derived by a discriminant function procedure. Mothers' emotion experiences, expressive behaviors, and personality traits were significant predictors of the level of security of the infant-mother attachment. Infants' expressive and temperamental characteristics as rated by their mothers were also significant predictors of attachment security.
本研究检验了这样一种假设，即母亲和婴儿与情绪相关的特征有助于婴儿在生命的第一年形成母婴依恋。通过表达行为评分和自我报告量表评估母亲的情绪和个性特征。通过情绪和气质问卷（母亲报告）以及对情绪面部表情的客观编码来测量婴儿的特征。依恋分类通过陌生情境程序确定，依恋安全性的连续变量指标通过判别函数程序得出。母亲的情绪体验、表达行为和个性特征是母婴依恋安全水平的重要预测因素。母亲所评定的婴儿的表达和气质特征也是依恋安全性的重要预测因素。
