Adams Peter J
School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Addiction. 2007 Jul;102(7):1027-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01829.x.
To examine the risks taken by health, research and community organizations when they opt to receive funding from dangerous consumption industries and to identify ways in which they might generate their own assessment of these risks.
Common risks associated with industry involvements are examined, along with potential barriers to self-reflection.
Funds derived from tobacco, alcohol, gambling and other dangerous consumptions are accessed increasingly by public good organizations. The variety of risks these involvements incur place individuals and organizations somewhere along a continuum of moral jeopardy, stretching from those with minor involvements to those with unmanageable conflicts of interest. The concept of a 'continuum' is preferable to a 'binary' interpretation in that the latter tends to lock understandings into all-or-nothing positions, thereby discouraging reflection and discussion regarding ethical and moral issues. Active scrutiny of these risks can be assisted through strategies that promote ongoing self-assessment. This is illustrated in the application of criteria that help breakdown risks and provide guidance in deciding on the extent of involvement with industry funding.
The paper finishes with practical examples of educational and assessment strategies that could assist in reducing moral jeopardy.
探讨健康、研究和社区组织选择接受危险消费行业资金时所承担的风险,并确定它们自行评估这些风险的方法。
研究与行业参与相关的常见风险以及自我反思的潜在障碍。
公益组织越来越多地获取来自烟草、酒精、赌博和其他危险消费行业的资金。这些参与所带来的各种风险使个人和组织处于一个道德风险连续体的某个位置,范围从参与程度较轻的到存在无法控制的利益冲突的。“连续体”概念比“二元”解释更可取,因为后者往往将理解锁定在非此即彼的立场,从而阻碍对伦理和道德问题的反思与讨论。通过促进持续自我评估的策略可以辅助对这些风险进行积极审查。这在应用有助于分解风险并为决定参与行业资金的程度提供指导的标准中得到了体现。
本文最后列举了有助于减少道德风险的教育和评估策略的实际例子。