Mitchelson Jacqueline K, Dickson Marcus W, Arfken Cynthia L, Agius Elizabeth
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Addict Behav. 2007 Dec;32(12):2837-51. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.04.021. Epub 2007 May 3.
The current study applies the growing literature in the organizational sciences regarding levels of analysis issues to the analysis of substance abuse treatment beliefs. Research on clinicians' beliefs in substance abuse treatment is often based on the assumption that the beliefs are sufficiently shared by clinicians within a clinic and sufficiently vary across clinics that they can be treated as a group-level phenomenon. Further, efforts to introduce new innovations are often focused at the group or clinic level without testing this assumption, which can lead to failure to adopt or to successfully implement the innovation. We tested the assumption of sharedness by examining if there was sufficient agreement about treatment beliefs within clinics, within groups of clinics or within groups of clinicians to justify treating these aggregations as meaningful groups. Using three statistical approaches to examining level of analysis (Within and Between Analysis (WABA I), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC(1)), and r(wg)), we found that variability in treatment beliefs largely occurred at the individual rather than at the tested aggregate levels of analysis. These findings serve as an example of the importance of testing the assumption of shared perceptions in future research.
当前的研究将组织科学领域中越来越多的关于分析层次问题的文献应用于药物滥用治疗信念的分析。对临床医生药物滥用治疗信念的研究通常基于这样一种假设，即这些信念在诊所内的临床医生中得到充分共享，并且在不同诊所之间有足够的差异，以至于可以将它们视为一种群体层面的现象。此外，引入新创新的努力通常集中在群体或诊所层面，而没有对这一假设进行检验，这可能导致无法采用或成功实施创新。我们通过检查在诊所内部、诊所组内部或临床医生组内部是否对治疗信念有足够的共识，以证明将这些聚合体视为有意义的群体是合理的，从而检验了共享性的假设。使用三种统计方法来检验分析层次（内部和之间分析（WABA I）、组内相关系数（ICC(1)）和r(wg)），我们发现治疗信念的变异性主要发生在个体层面，而不是在测试的聚合分析层面。这些发现例证了在未来研究中检验共享认知假设的重要性。
