Roll John M, Chudzynski Joy E, Richardson Gina
Friends Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2005;31(1):21-33.
Contingency management interventions are quite successful at initiating abstinence from drugs of abuse. However, these approaches to drug abuse treatment are often criticized because of their perceived cost. One way to reduce the cost of contingency management interventions would be to use nonmonetary sources of reinforcement or punishment. A number of reports have discussed the availability of potential sources of reinforcement in opiate replacement clinics. This report describes the availability of potential sources of reinforcement and punishment available in drug-free treatment programs. Both clients and clinic staff rated a number of items in terms of their potential reinforcing and punishing efficacy. Results suggest that there are several sources of reinforcement and punishment available in drug-free clinics, which could be used in contingency management programs. The results also suggest that the clinic staff perceives potential sources of punishment as more aversive than do the clients.
应急管理干预措施在促使滥用药物者戒除毒品方面颇为成功。然而，这些药物滥用治疗方法常常因其成本问题而受到批评。降低应急管理干预成本的一种方法是使用非货币形式的强化或惩罚手段。许多报告都讨论了阿片类药物替代诊所中潜在强化源的可获得性。本报告描述了戒毒治疗项目中潜在强化源和惩罚源的可获得性。客户和诊所工作人员都根据一系列项目的潜在强化和惩罚效果对其进行了评级。结果表明，戒毒诊所中有多种强化源和惩罚源，可用于应急管理项目。结果还表明，诊所工作人员认为潜在惩罚源比客户认为的更具厌恶感。
