Ikem Abua, Campbell Marjorie, Nyirakabibi Isabelle, Garth Jimmie
Co-operative Research Programs, Lincoln University, 307 Foster Hall, 904 Chestnut Street, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 May;140(1-3):69-81. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9848-2. Epub 2007 Jun 16.
Anthropogenic sources of pollution can significantly contribute to elevated concentrations of toxic elements in soils. A preliminary survey of trace elements content and their availability in residential soils from New Madrid County, Missouri was undertaken. Mean elemental concentrations (mg kg(-1), dry wt) of sixty two soil samples were: As 6.6, Be 0.8, Cd 1.6, Co 9.7, Cr 24.5, Cu 18.1, Fe 9951, Mn 298, Ni 15.6, Pb 48.8, V 42.1, Zn 95.5 and Hg 0.05. The US EPA preliminary remediation goals (PRGs) was only exceeded by As (7 % of samples) and V (8% of samples). The Missouri average background values were exceeded by Pb (69%), Zn (31%), Cu (27%), As (23%), Be (19%), Co (18%), Ni (16%), V (8%) and Mn (2%). Crustal enrichments (EFc) for As (97), Cr (6), Cu (10), Pb (121), V (7), and Hg (17) were highest for North Lilbourn soils. Fractionation experiment revealed that Fe (54-79%) was in the residual phase while Zn (70-90%), Mn (88-92%), As (59-81%) and Pb (63-79%) were potentially available in soils. Factor loadings of the element concentrations on principal components 1, 2 and 3 accounted for over 81% variance of the data set. The factor loadings suggested that apart from natural contributions of trace elements to the soils, human activities possibly accounted for other inputs in soils.
人为污染源会显著导致土壤中有毒元素浓度升高。对密苏里州新马德里县住宅土壤中的微量元素含量及其有效性进行了初步调查。62个土壤样品的平均元素浓度（mg/kg，干重）为：砷6.6、铍0.8、镉1.6、钴9.7、铬24.5、铜18.1、铁9951、锰298、镍15.6、铅48.8、钒42.1、锌95.5和汞0.05。仅砷（7%的样品）和钒（8%的样品）超过了美国环境保护局的初步修复目标（PRGs）。铅（69%）、锌（31%）、铜（27%）、砷（23%）、铍（19%）、钴（18%）、镍（16%）、钒（8%）和锰（2%）超过了密苏里州的平均背景值。北利伯恩土壤中砷（97）、铬（6）、铜（10）、铅（121）、钒（7）和汞（17）的地壳富集系数（EFc）最高。分级实验表明，铁（54 - 79%）处于残留相，而锌（70 - 90%）、锰（88 - 92%）、砷（59 - 81%）和铅（63 - 79%）在土壤中具有潜在有效性。主成分1、2和3上元素浓度的因子载荷占数据集方差的81%以上。因子载荷表明，除了微量元素对土壤的自然贡献外，人类活动可能是土壤中其他输入的原因。
